It is established that during all-Uralian stage of mantle-type magmatism of Early Devonian age (410-393 Ma) the mantle Ordovician-Silurian magmatism was changed by mantle-crustal and crustal types. At that time Tagil island arc system completed its evolution and Magnitogorsk island arc is formed. Early Devonian magmatic rocks in the Middle Urals are represented by gabbro-granite rock series in the Uralian Platinum Belt, the Tagil volcanic zone, Reft allochthon and paleocontinental zone of northwestern megablock, and in the Southern Urals were formed obduction-related ultramafic-mafic layered and ring intrusions, swarms of spessartite dikes in Kempirsai-Khabarny allochthon and in the Main Uralian Fault zone. Middle Uralian gabbros as a products of initial melt crystallization are represented by biotite-amphibole gabbro-norite with orthoclase. The main mechanism of the formation of these series is crystallization differentiation due to fractionation of “gabbro” cotectic represented by femic minerals and plagioclase. Gabbro-granite series of Kurmanka massif which begin the mantle-crustal magmatism at the active continental margin of the northwestern megablock has more comp­lex mechanism of formation. Along with the fractionation, the processes of partial melting of the hornblende gabbro which is product of water mafic magmatism played an important role in origin of the granitoid part of rock series. The main type of Early Devonian magmatism in the southern Urals is related to obduction. During an emplacement to the surface of blocks of oceanic lithosphere, which are represented by ophiolite complexes or serpentinite melange zone, mafic magmas form as a result of а break-off the upper mantle continuity. They compose layered dunite-clinopyroxene-gabbro intrusions, constantly accompanying harzburgite tectonites (serpentinite) separated from the mantle as well as swarms of spessartite dikes and rare bodies of the obduction-related granites formed due to partial melting of crustal material during the emplacement of hot mantle blocks. Igneous rocks have both potassium and sodium specialization. The rocks of the first type conclude the final stage of Ordovician-Silurian mantle magmatism, the second type begin Middle Devonian-Permian mantle-crustal magmatism. Evident differences in the geological position and composition of various Early Devonian massifs clearly indicate significant differences in the geodynamics of the Central and Southern Urals in the Early Devonian and confirm the former times ideas about sub-latitudinal blocking of the Urals.

The redox bottom-water conditions in the sedimentary basins, which existed during the Late Riphean-Vendian on the east and north-east (in modern coordinates) margins of the Baltic, are investigated. It is concluded that in the context of local, fairly pronounced variations of the bottom-water redox indicators in the Late Riphean (primarily coefficient of stagnation, Mo/Mn, and to a lesser extent - V/(V + Ni)), suggesting that the accumulation of sediments in some areas which we have considered occurred on environment including disoxic or close to anoxic conditions. During the Vendian and appear at the end of the Late Riphean in the bottom waters of almost all sedimentary basins dominated oxidative conditions. The most well substantiated this conclusion for the relatively well-dated Upper Riphean-Vendian interval of the western slope of the Southern Urals, less justified it to other parts of the territory under review. New data in one way or another underscore the complex, non-linear/shift-gradual ocean oxygenation in the Late Riphean and Vendian with inversion “oxygen environments” in some of the major sedimentary basins or their parts in the Early Vendian, on the border of Vendian-Cambrian and in Cambrian itself. It seems, however, that a significant impact on this process acted not only global, but also local factors.

Calculations shown that a relatively low-temperature kimberlite magmas consolidated with decompression exploded on significant depth and formed pipes. High-temperature lamproite magmas exploded on near-surface conditions and formed mainly tuff covers. Their erosion formed diamond placers. Kimberlite magmas and their diamonds are a result of fractionation peridotite layer of magma ocean. Lamproite magmas and their diamonds are a result of fractionation of magmatic chambers in plumes. Non-kimberlite diamons of placers have lamproite plume genesis.

On the basis of newest mineralogical, petrological and isotope-geochemical data we have considered the condition and the nature of garnet-glaucophane schists, associated with antigorite serpentinites. This rocks are localized in the lower part of antigorite serpentinites, which was never observed in other areas of the complex. Petrological and geochemical characteristics and mineralogical features of zircons indicate that the garnet-glaucophane schists relate to protolite which had substratum the diopside gabbro with age about 670 Ma. Isotope dating of zircons ((444.9 ± 4.7)-(401.1 ± 5.2) Ma), glaucophanes (406.0 ± 4.6 Ma) and phengites (393.1 ± 3.8 Ma) from garnet-glaucophane schists suggest that blueschist facies metamorphism in the lower part of the Taschlinsky block ( T = 455-544°C, P = 9.5-12 kbar) have been developed before eclogite crystallization in metaterrigene unite of Maksutov complex dated 323 ± 8.8 Ma by the zircon and 333.0 ± 4.6 Ma by the glaucophane. Studies of formation of the metabasite includes in the upper part serpentinites indicate to higher P-T metamorphism, that probably compare with Utarbayevo mafit-ultramafit unite. Recently date evidences that the Taschlinsky block forms the independent part of the Maksyutov complex that have variety specific features indicating to need corrections in the traditional schema of the evolution metamorphism and tectonic event of their generation.

Topographic base interpretation revealed symmetric structure of Solikamsk basin lineations. It is caused by a concentric arrangement of anticlinal brows and radial disposition of strike-slip dislocations. Such structure reflects piling up of over-salt deposits from its edge to central part of Solikamsk basin. Slipping of over-salt deposits above salt uplifts could cause its bend and formation of cracks separation favoring downward infiltration of atmospheric waters. Epigenetic processes led to leaching of carbonate material to form near-vertical zone composed collapse-breccias, secondary clay and clayey marl, and also considerable transformation of sulphate, carbonate and aluminosilicate materials with formation of a specific mineral paragenesis (anatase, cadmium-bearing sphalerite, skeletal pyrite).

The work is devoted to investigation of the deep structure of the Central Tien Shan lithosphere. Comparative analysis of seismic tomography models and results of interpretation of magnetotelluric and magnetovariational soundings along “NARYN” (76°E.) profile, allowed to establish a correlation of velocity features and electrical properties of the Earth’s crust: a) corresponding of zones high conductivity to zones of low seismic velocities; b) low conductivity zones are the areas of high seismic velocities; c) high seismic velocities characterize massif of eclogites detected as a result of complex interpretation of geological and geophysical data. The vast majority of hypocenters seismic events with energy class K > 9 is limited to a depth of 25 km and is located within or near the boundaries of high-resistivity blocks geoelectric model, where the electrical resistivity is 10³-10⁴ Ω·m. Quantity of cracks and aqueous fluids in these high-resistance blocks seems not sufficient for the formation of through conductive network. Consequently, they are rigid and able to accumulate the elastic energy for realization of the seismic process.

Mica of muscovite-fengite series are ones of the most important rock-forming minerals of metamorphic and metasomatic rocks in various metallic and nonmetallic deposits. The temperature and pressure significantly affects their composition, determining the content of fengite and paragonite molecules. At present many important regularities of changes in composition of muscovite-phengites are revealed in different parageneses of metamorphic rocks under the influence of temperature and pressure. Increasing of Al^IV at higher temperatures is now the general rule for the majority of silicates of metamorphic rocks. The effect of pressure has the inverse effect - fengites is increased and the alumina content is decreased. High-pressure parageneses are located in the field of phengites and ferrifengites. It is shown the possibility to determine the temperature and pressure of metasomatic rocks formation using data on chemical composition of muscovite and X-ray data.

It was performedthe ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating of the biotites from the strong deformed tonalites of Western Verkhisetsk complex in the zone of Serov-Mauk fault. It was determined that the main phase of deformations with predominantly sinistral component occurred around 315-310 Ma ago. This data supports the ideas of several uralian geologists that the continental collision process started with the overthrust dislocations and later transformed into left-lateral faults. In Early Permian time (278-276 Ma) the studied rocks undergone secondary termal influence probably caused by the dislocations with normal-fault character. The signs of these dislocations were defined in the investigated rocks.

It is analyzed the evolution and biostratigraphic role of species Verella, Eofusulina, Paraeofusulina and Postverella from subfamily Eofusulininae in Upper Bashkirien and Lower Moskovien sediments of Middle Carboniferous in the Urals. Verella species characterizes the Upper bashkirien, the beginning of the Moscovien stage is fixed by major spindly fusiform Eofusulina triangula and E. triangula rasdorica, which along with zonal types of Aljutovella aljutovica and Depratina prisca reference points of the boundaries of the Bashkirien and Moscovien stages and can be recommended as a marker taxa of the Middle Carboniferous stages.

Type-chemical features of high-titanium magnezium-ferruginous micas of granulites, mafite-ultramafites, alkaline rocks, and carbonatites are considered. It is shown that genetically high-titanium micas are connected only with alkaline rocks and carbonatites. Chemical composition of high-titanium phlogopite-annite can be used at an assessment of Zr-Nb mineralization of metamorphic and magmatic rocks.