Mineral composition and geochemical features of organomineral deposits of the tract of Lake Peschanoe in the southern part of the Amur-Zeya interfluve

Research subject. The article presents the results of a comprehensive study of a column of organomineral deposits (750 cm) in the tract of Lake Peschanoe (Amur Region, between the Amur and Zeya rivers).

Material and methods. In the studied section, the composition of organomineral deposits were examined based on radiocarbon dating and palynological analysis.

Results. According to radiocarbon dating, the sedimentation began over 4 thousand calendar years. Specific features of the accumulation and distribution of rock-forming oxides and microelements along the organomineral sedimentary profile were established. The mineral composition is dominated by quartz, feldspars, amphiboles, pyrite, garnet and biotite. The highest values of the scattering coefficient in the thickness of the deposits are typical of Hg (8.0), Tl (6.7), La (5.3), below – Zr, Rb and Li (4.7, 4.4 and 4.1, respectively).

Conclusions. The study of the geochemical characteristics of organomineral deposits allowed us to identify the industrial period of sedimentation, which was characterized by an increase in the concentrations of Hg, Cd, Pb and Sn. The background contents of elements in the organomineral deposits of the Lake Peschanoe tract can be used as a regional background for deposits in the transboundary territory of the Upper and Middle Amur and its tributaries. The calculated geochemical coefficients indicate the freshwater content of the basin and the alternation of stagnant and oxidizing environments during sedimentation. The increased Ca/Sr values are associated with a change in the climatic regime towards cooling, which occurred during the last 4 thousand years in this area: 4300–4100, 2400–2100, 500–230 years ago.

1. Alekseenko V.A. (2000) Ecological geochemistry. Textbook (transfer). Moscow, Logos Publ., 626 р. (In Russ.)

2. Bhatia M.R., Crook K.A.W. (1986) Trace element characteristics of graywackes and tectonic setting discrimination of sedimentary basins. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 92(2), 181-193. DOI: 10.1007/bf00375292

3. Cai S.S., Yu Z.C. (2011) Response of a warm temperate peatland to Holocene climate change in northeastern Pennsylvania. Quaternary Res., 75, 531-540. DOI: 10.1016/j.yqres.2011.01.003

4. Chen J., An Z.S., Head J. (1999) Variation of Rb/Sr ratios in the loess-paleosol sequences of Central China during the last 130.000 years and their Implications for Monsoon paleoclimatology. Quaternary Res., 51(3), 215219. DOI: 10.1006/qres.1999.2038

5. Darʼin A.V., Kalugin I.A. (2012) Reconstruction of the climate of mountain Altai according to the data of lithological and geochemical studies of bottom sediments of Lake Teletskoye. Izv. Akad. Nauk. Ser. Geol., (6), 63-70. (In Russ.)

6. Erdtman G. (1955) Pollen morphology and plant taxonomy. Moscow, IL Publ., 486 p. (In Russ.)

7. Filatov A.G. (1998) Geomorphological characteristics of the “Ozero Peschanoe” tract. Geography of the Amur Region at the Boundary of the Centuries: Problems and Prospects. Blagoveshchensk, BSPU, 31-34. (In Russ.)

8. Gashkina N.A., Moiseenko T.I., Kremleva T.A. (2012) Peculiarities of distribution of nutrients and organic matter in small lakes and limitation of their trophicity in the European territory of Russia and Western Siberia. Bull. Tyumen State University, (12), 17-25. (In Russ.)

9. General laws of the emergence and development of lakes. Methods for studying the history of lakes. (1986) (Ed. D.D. Kvasov). Leningrad, Nauka Publ., 254 p. (In Russ.)

10. GOST 26107–84. (1984) Soils. Methods for the determination of total nitrogen. Moscow, Publishing house of standards, 6 p. (In Russ.)

11. GOST 29234.1–91. (1992) Molding sands. Methods for determination of clay particles. Moscow, Publishing house of standards, 7 р. (In Russ.)

12. GOST 11306–2013. (2014) Peat and products of its processing. Methods for determining ash content. Moscow, Standartinform, 8 p. (In Russ.)

13. Grichuk V.P. (1940) Technique for treating sedimentary rocks poor in organic residues for pollen analysis. Problemy Fizicheskoi Geografii, 8, 53-58. (In Russ.)

14. Grigor’ev N.A. (2009) Distribution of chemical elements in the upper part of the continental crust. Ekaterinburg, UrO RAN Publ., 382 p. (In Russ.)

15. Guseva T.V., Molchanova Ya.P., Zaika E.A., Vinichenko V.N., Averochkin E.M. (1999) Hydrochemical indicators of the state of the environment. Reference materials. Moscow, Ekolain Publ., 74 p. (In Russ.)

16. Harvey H.W. (1948) Modern advances in chemistry and biology of the sea. Moscow, IL Publ., 224 p. (In Russ.)

17. Ilʼin V.B., Syso A.I., Konarbaeva G.A., Baidina N.L., Cherevko A.S. (2000) Heavy metal contents of soilforming rocks in the south of Western Siberia. Euras. Soil Sci., 33(9), 950-953 (translated from Pochvovedenie, (9), 1086-1090).

18. Jin Z., Wang S., Shen J., Zhang E., Li F., Ji J., Lu X. (2001) Chemical weathering since the Little Ice Age recorded in lake sediments: a high-resolution proxy of past climate. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 26(7), 775-782. DOI: 10.1002/esp.224

19. Jones B., Manning D.A.C. (1994) Comparison of Geochemical Indices Used for the Interpretation of Palaeoredox Conditions in Ancient Mudstones. Chem. Geol., 111, 111-129. DOI: 10.1016/0009-2541(94)90085-X.

20. Katz N.Ya., Katz C.B., Skobeeva E.I. (1977) Atlas of plant residues in peat. Moscow, Nedra Publ., 376 p. (In Russ.)

21. Kholodov V.N., Nedumov R.I. (1991) About geochemical criteria of hydrogen-sulfide contamination of waters in old reservoirs. Izv. AN SSSR. Ser. Geol., (12), 74-82. (In Russ.)

22. Klimenko V.V., Klimanov V.A., Kozharinov A.V. (2000) Dynamics of vegetation and climate of the Amur–Zeya interfluve in the Holocene and forecast of their natural changes. Izv. Akad. Nauk. Ser.Geol., (2), 42-50. (In Russ.)

23. Klimin M., Kuzmin Y., Bazarova V., Mokhova, L., Jull A.J. (2004) Late Glacial–Holocene environmental changes and its age in the Lower Amur River basin, Russian Far East: Gursky peatbog case study. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 223-224, 676-680. DOI: 10.1016/j.nimb.2004.04.125

24. Kreshtapova V.N. (1974) Guidelines for assessing the content of trace elements in peat deposits of the European part of the RSFSR. Moscow, Mingeo USSR Publ., 200 p. (In Russ.)

25. Lakin G.F. (1990) Biometrics. Moscow, Vysshaya shkola Publ., 352 p. (In Russ.)

26. Mancini M.V. (2009) Holocene vegetation and climate changes from a peat pollen record of the forest et steppe ecotone, Southwest of Patagonia (Argentina). Quaternary Sci. Rev., 28(15-16), 1490-1497. DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.01.017

27. Maslov A.V. (2005) Sedimentary rocks: methods for studying and interpreting the data obtained. Tutorial. Ekaterinburg, UGGU, 289 p. (In Russ.)

28. Maslov A.V., Krupenin M.T., Gareev E.Z. (2003) Lithological, lithochemical and geochemical indicators of paleoclimate (on the example of the Riphean of the Southern Urals). Litol. Polez. Iskop., (5), 502-525. (In Russ.)

29. Melenevskii V.N., Leonova G.A., Bobrov V.A., Kashirtsev V.A., Krivonogov S.K. (2015) Transformation of organic matter in Holocene sediments of Lake Ochki (South Baikal region): evidence from pyrolysis data. Geochem. Int., 53(10), 903-921 (translated from Geokhimiya, (10), 925-944). Methodical aspects of palynology. (1987) (Ed. I.I. Nesterova). Moscow, Nedra Publ., 223 p. (In Russ.)

30. Methodological recommendations for the technique of processing sedimentary rocks in spore-pollen analysis. (1986) (Eds E.D. Zaklinskaya, L.A. Panova). Leningrad, VSEGEI, 77 p. (In Russ.)

31. Minyuk P.S., Borkhodoev V.Y. (2021) Response of geochemical characteristics on the environmental changes in the holocene: data on bottom sediments of Lake Maloe, Iturup island. Geochem. Int., 59(4), 422-434 (translated from Geokhimiya, 66(4), 351-363). DOI: 10.31857/S0016752521040051

32. Perel’man A.I. (1982) Geochemistry of natural waters. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 154 p. (In Russ.)

33. Perel’man A.I., Kasimov N.S. (1999) Landscape Geochemistry. Moscow, Astrea-2000 Publ., 768 p. (In Russ.)

34. Podkovyrov V.N., Grazhdankin D.V., Maslov A.V. (2011) Lithogeochemistry of the Vendian fine-grained clastic rocks in the southern Vychegda trough. Lithol. Miner. Res., 46(5), 427-446 (translated from Litol. Polez. Iskop., (5), 484-504).

35. Pokrovskaya T.N. (1973) Typification of lakes – accumulators of organic matter. Izv. AN SSSR. Ser. Geol., (1), 4351. (In Russ.)

36. Radomskaya V.I., Yusupov D.V., Pavlova L.M. (2014) Macrocomponent composition of the snow cover of the city of Blagoveshchensk. Voda: Khimiya i Ekologiya, (8), 95103. (In Russ.)

37. Radomskaya V.I., Radomskii S.M., Pavlova L.M., Gusev M.N. (2016) The first experience of studying the fraction distribution of heavy metals in sediments of the Zeya river basin (Far east, Russia). Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 227(12), 438. DOI: 10.1007/s11270-016-3145-z

38. Roser B.P., Cooper R.A., Nathan S., Tulloch A.J. (1996) Reconnaissance sandstone geochemistry, provenance, and tectonic setting of the lower Paleozoic terranes of the West Coast and Nelson, New Zealand. N. Z. J. Geol. Geophys., 39, 1-16. DOI: 10.1080/00288306.1996.9514690

39. Ryashchenko E.G., Shtel’makh S.I., Vologina E.G. (2017) Trace element composition of bottom sediments of Lake Baikal (Akademicheskiy ridge region). Otech. Geologiya, (2), 59-67. (In Russ.)

40. Schellekens J., Buurman P., Fraga I., Martinez-Cortizas A. (2011) Holocene vegetation and hydrologic chan ges inferred from molecular vegetation markers in peat, Penido Vello (Galicia, Spain). Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol., 299, 56-69. DOI: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.10.034

41. Shotyk W., Cheburkin A.K., Appleby P.G., Fankhauser А., Kramers J.D. (1996) Two thousand years of atmospheric arsenic, antimony and lead deposition recorded in an ombrotrophic peat bog profile, Jura Mountains, Switzerland. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 145(1), 1-7. DOI: 10.1016/s0012-821x(96)00197-5

42. Sklyarov E.V., Gladkochub D.P., Donskaya T.V., Ivanov A.V., Letnikova E.F., Mironov A.G., Barash I.G., Bulanov V.A., Sizykh A. (2001) Interpretation of geochemical data: Textbook. Moscow, Intermet Engineering Publ., 288 p. (In Russ.)

43. Starchenko V.M. (2008) Flora of the Amur region and issues of its protection: The Far East of Russia. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 228 p. (In Russ.)

44. Solotchina E.P., Kuz’min M.I., Solotchin P.A., Mal’tsev A.E., Leonova G.A., Danilenko I.V. (2019) Authigenic carbonates from holocene sediments of lake Itkul (south of West Siberia) as indicators of climate chan- ges. Dokl. Earth Sciences, 487(1), 745-750 (translated from Dokl. Akad. Nauk, 487(1), 54-59). DOI: 10.1134/S1028334X19070079

45. Strakhovenko V.D. (2011) Geochemistry of bottom sediments of small continental lakes in Siberia. Dis. … Dr geol. and min. sci. diss. Novosibirsk, IGM SO RAN, 33 p. (In Russ.)

46. Strakhovenko V.D., Solotchina E.P., Voselʼ Y.S., Solotchin P.A. (2015) Geochemical factors for endoge nic mineral formation in the bottom sediments of the Tazheran lakes (Baikal area). Russ. Geol. Geophys., 56(10), 14371450 (translated from Geol. Geofiz., 56(10), 1825-1841).

47. Subetto D.A., Prytkova M.Ya. (2016) Bottom sediments of different types of water reservoirs. Study methods. Petrozavodsk, Karelʼskii nauchnyi centr RAN, 89 р. (In Russ.)

48. Trutneva N.V., Elmanova V.S., Yusupov D.V., Skripnikova M.I., Kezina T.V. (2011) Landslides and their manifestation on the territory of the Amur region. Vestn. Amurskogo Gos. Un-ta. Ser. Estestvennye i Ekonomicheskie Nauki, (55), 86-96. (In Russ.)

49. Turekian K.K., Wedepohl K.H. (1961) Distribution of the elements in some major units of the earth’s crust. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull., 72(2), 175-192. DOI: 10.1130/0016-7606(1961)72[175:doteis]2

50. Van der Linden M., Barke J., Vickery E., Charman D.J., Van Geel B. (2008) Late Holocene human impact and climate change recorded in a North Swedish peat deposit. Palaeogeog., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol., 258, 1-27. DOI: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.11.006

51. Veretennikova E.E., Kurʼina I.V. Evolution of the ridge-hollow complex of the southern taiga subzone of Western Siberia. Geografiya i Prirodnye Resursy, (2), 91-99. (In Russ.)

52. Vetrov A.A., Semiletov I.P., Dudarev O.V., Peresypkin V.I., Charkin A.N. (2008) Composition and genesis of the organic matter in the bottom sediments of the East Siberian sea. Geochem. Int., 46(2), 156-167 (translated from Geokhimiya, (2), 183-195).

53. Vykhristyuk L.A. (1980) Organic matter of bottom sediments of Lake Baikal. Novosibirsk, Nauka Publ., 79 р. (In Russ.)

54. Walker M.J.C., Berkelhammer M., Björck S., Cwynar L.C., Fisher D.A., Long A.J., Lowe J.J., Newnham R.M., Rasmussen S.O., Weiss H. (2012) Formal subdivision of the Holocene Series/Epoch: a Discussion Paper by a Working Group of INTIMATE (Integration of ice-core, marine and terrestrial records) and the Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy (International Commission on Stratigraphy). Quaternary Sci., 27(7), 649-659. DOI: 10.1002/jqs.2565

55. Yu S.-H., Zheng Z., Kershaw P., Skrypnikova M., Huang K.Y. (2017) A late Holocene record of vegetation and fire from the Amur Basin, far-eastern Russia. Quaternary Int., 432, 79-92. DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2014.07.059 Yudovich Ya.Yu. (1978) Geochemistry of Fossil Coals. Leningrad, Nauka Publ., 264 p. (In Russ.)

56.