litosphereЛитосфераLITHOSPHERE (Russia)1681-90042500-302XA.N. Zavaritsky Institute of Geology and Geochemistry10.24930/1681-9004-2018-18-5-718-742litosphere-250Research ArticleСтатьиArticlesКсенокристы и мегакристы щелочной oливин-базальт-базанит-нефелинитовой ассоциации махтеш рамона (израиль), их петрохимические взаимодействия с выносящими расплавами и кристаллографические преобразованияXenocrysts and megacrysts of alkali olivine-basalt-basanite-nephelinite association makhtesh ramon (israel): interaction with transporting magmas and morphological adjustmentЮдалевичЗиновий АлексеевичYudalevichZinovizinovi@bgu.ac.ilВапникЕвгенийVapnikYevgenyvapnik@bgu.ac.ilДепартамент геологических и минералогических наук, Университет им. Бен-ГурионаРоссияDepartment of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the NegevRussian Federation20182810201805718742Copyright © Юдалевич З.А., Вапник Е., 20182018Юдалевич З.А., Вапник Е.Yudalevich Z., Vapnik Y.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.lithosphere.ru/jour/article/view/250

Объектом предлагаемого исследования являются ксенокристы и мегаксенокристы в породах раннемеловой оливин-базальт-базанит-нефелинитовой ассоциации эрозионной котловины Махтеш Рамон (Негев, Израиль). В ней широко развиты ксенолиты разной степени глубинности: мантийные, нижне- и верхнекоровые. Ксенолиты мантии представлены перидотитами, оливиновыми клинопироксенитами и клинопироксенитами, оливиновыми вебстеритами, вебстеритами и их амфибол-содержащими разностями; ксенолиты нижней коры - мафическими гранулитами (метагабброиды и плагиоклазиты), верхней коры - позднепротерозойскими метатуфами. Ксенокристы и мегакристы являются отщепленными фрагментами ксенолитов. Их общей петрографической особенностью является проработка вмещающим расплавом и связанные с ней геохимические и структурные преобразования. В основном ксенокристы представлены когерентным рядом минералов (оливин, клинопироксен, амфибол, нефелин, плагиоклаз, анортоклаз, апатит, магнетит, шпинель) и только ксенокристы кварца и ортопироксена не совместимы с недосыщенными SiO2 вмещающими породами. Главными причинами, инициирующими взаимодействие магматический расплав-ксенокрист, являются быстрая декомпрессия, метаморфизм и метасоматоз. Метаморфизм соответствует высокотемпературным фациям контактового метаморфизма, иногда достигая стадии плавления. Mетасоматоз ориентирован на выравнивание составов с одноименными минералами вмещающего расплава. К числу важнейших критериев, способствующих отличию ксенокристов от фенокристов, относятся частичное плавление, твердофазный распад, рекристаллизация первичных (дозахватных) структур, перекристаллизация и само­огранка изначально ксеноморфных зерен в кристаллографически правильные формы, бимодальность состава, совмещающего минералого-геохимические признаки ксеногенного и новообразованного вещества.

Xenocrysts and megacrysts hosted in the rocks of Early Cretaceous olivine-basalt-basanite-nephelinite association that outcropped in erosion crater of Makhtesh Ramon (Natural Reserve of Mishmar ha-Nagev, Israel) are the topic of the current research. Magmatic rock association contains the wide spectrum of xenoliths trapped at different crustal levels. These are upper mantle, lower, and upper crustal xenoliths. Mantle xenoliths are represented by peridotites, olivine clinopyroxenites, clinopyroxenites, olivine websterites, websterites and their amphibole-bearing analogs. Lower crustal xenoliths are mafic granulites, such as metagabbros and plagioclasites, upper crustal xenoliths are the fragments of Neoproterozoic tuffs. Xenocrysts and megacrysts are fragments of xenoliths that chipped from them during their transportation to the surface. Different rate of xenoliths, xenocrysts, and megacrysts alteration by host magma and late fluids is a common petrographic particularity. The fluid alteration occurred at phreatomagmatic stage of magma crystallization. Alteration is observed by the appearance of new textures and products of reactional interaction. Xenocrysts and megacrysts are mainly represented by minerals that compatible with rock magmatic association. These are olivine, clinopyroxene, amphibole, nepheline, plagioclase, anorthoclase, apatite, magnetite, and spinel. Xenocrysts of quartz and orthopyroxene are incompatible to host rock magmatic association under-saturated in SiO2. Main reasons determining interaction between magma and xenolith are rapid decompression, metamorphism and metasomatism. Xenocrysts are subjected to metamorphism that corresponds to high-temperature facies of contact metamorphism, up to the partial melting of xenocrysts. Metasomatism is smoothing out the composition of xenocrysts to the composition of the same minerals that crystallized from host melt. There are several important criterions, which permit to identify xenocrysts and divide them from phenocrysts. These are partial melting, solid-state decomposition, recrystallization of primary (before-trapping) textures, recrystallization and self-faceting of initially anhedral grains into the crystals with perfect habit. Chemical composition of xenocrysts has both mineral - geochemical indications of xenogenic origin and new-formed sings of alteration.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.