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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">litosphere</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Литосфера</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>LITHOSPHERE (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1681-9004</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-302X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>A.N. Zavaritsky Institute of Geology and Geochemistry</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24930/1681-9004-2026-26-2-270-304</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">NCVKBE</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">litosphere-2486</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Провинции “бассейнов и хребтов” – структурно-тектонические парагенезы ареального рифтинга</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Provinces of basins and ranges – structural and tectonic parageneses of areal rifting</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Леонов</surname><given-names>М. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Leonov</surname><given-names>M. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119017, г. Москва, Пыжевский пер., 7, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>7/1 Pyzhevsky lane, Moscow 119017</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mgleonov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балуев</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baluev</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119017, г. Москва, Пыжевский пер., 7, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>7/1 Pyzhevsky lane, Moscow 119017</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пржиялговский</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Przhiyalgovskii</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119017, г. Москва, Пыжевский пер., 7, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>7/1 Pyzhevsky lane, Moscow 119017</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Геологический институт РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Geological Institute, RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>270</fpage><lpage>304</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Леонов М.Г., Балуев А.С., Пржиялговский Е.С., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Леонов М.Г., Балуев А.С., Пржиялговский Е.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Leonov M.G., Baluev A.S., Przhiyalgovskii E.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.lithosphere.ru/jour/article/view/2486">https://www.lithosphere.ru/jour/article/view/2486</self-uri><abstract><p>Объект исследования. Структурно-тектонические провинции, представленные многократным чередованием отрицательных (впадины, грабены, грабен-синклинали) и комплементарных им положительных (поднятия, горсты, горст-антиклинали) морфоструктур, известные как области диффузного (рассредоточенного, ареального) рифтинга. В статье рассмотрены: Провинция бассейнов и хребтов (Северная Америка), Селенгино-Витимская зона (Западное Забайкалье), Зондский шельф Южно-Китайского моря, Гиссаро-Алайский и Центральный сегменты Тянь-Шаньского альпийского орогена, Беломорский регион. Цель. Характеристика структуры, механизма формирования и геодинамики “ареальных” рифтовых систем, определение места ареальных систем в структуре и эволюции земной коры. Методы. Сравнительный структурно-тектонический анализ геологических объектов с привлечением данных дистанционных и экспериментальных исследований. Результаты. Установлены главные характерные черты строения и эволюции ареальных (диффузных) рифтовых систем: многократное чередование прогибов (грабенов) и разделяющих их поднятий (хребтов, горстов, валов); распространение парагенеза “впадина/поднятие” в виде широ- ких ареалов, приуроченных к окраинным частям молодых и древних платформ или к внутриконтинентальным орогенам; отсутствие магистральных рифтовых долин и разломов; отсутствие сквозькоровых разломов; связь с объемным разрыхлением и твердопластическим (реидным) течением горных масс фундамента в пределах динамически ослабленных участков земной коры и сдвигового поля напряжений при регулирующей роли фрактальной организации геологического пространства. Выводы. Рассмотренные провинции представляют собой парагентические ансамбли объемного сдвига и морфоструктурно могут быть определены как провинции “бассейнов и хребтов”. Тектонические ансамбли этого типа являются особой категорией, ни структурно, ни динамически не являющейся аналогом линейных рифтовых систем. Линейные рифтовые системы – это производные механического раскола и раздвижения сегментов континентальной коры (составляющая субглобального тектогенеза), ареальные системы – результат твердопластичного (реидного) течения горных масс в пределах динамически неустойчивых участков платформ и орогенов (составляющая регионального тектогенеза).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Research subject. Structural and tectonic provinces represented by multiple alternations of negative (depressions, grabens, graben-synclines) and complementary positive (uplifts, horsts, horst-anticlines) morphostructures, known as areas of diffuse (dispersed, areal) rifting. The following geological objects are analyzed: the Province of Basins and Ranges (North America), the Selengino-Vitim Zone (Western Transbaikalia), the Sunda Shelf of the South China Sea, the Gissar-Alai and Central Segments of the Tien Shan Alpine Orogen. Aim. To characterize the structure, formation mechanism, and geodynamics of “areal” rift systems, as well as to determine their place in the structure and evolution of the Earth’s crust. Methods. Comparative structural and tectonic analysis of geological objects using remote and experimental research data. Results. The main characteristic features of the structure and evolution of areal (diffuse) rift systems have been established. These include the multiple alternation of troughs (grabens) and uplifts separating them (ridges, mounds, shafts); the spread of the “depression/uplift” paragenesis in the form of wide areas confined to the marginal parts of young and ancient platforms or to intracontinental orogens; the absence of main rift valleys and faults; absence of through-core faults; connection with volumetric loosening and solid-plastic (rheid) flow of basement rock masses within dynamically weakened areas of the Earth’s crust and shear stress field with the regulating role of fractal organization of geological space. Conclusions. The provinces under consideration are paragenetic ensembles of 3D shear and can be morphostructurally defined as “basin and ridge provinces”. Tectonic ensembles of this type are a specific category that is neither structurally nor dynamically analogous to linear rift systems. Linear rift systems are derived from the mechanical splitting and spreading of continental crustal segments (a component of subglobal tectogenesis), while areal systems are the result of brittle–plastic (reid) flow of rock masses within dynamically unstable areas of platforms and orogens (a component of regional tectogenesis).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ареальный рифтинг</kwd><kwd>геодинамика</kwd><kwd>орогены</kwd><kwd>сдвиг</kwd><kwd>тектоника континентов</kwd><kwd>тектоническое течение</kwd><kwd>транспрессия</kwd><kwd>транстенсия</kwd><kwd>Северная Америка</kwd><kwd>Зондаленд</kwd><kwd>Забайкалье</kwd><kwd>Тянь-Шань</kwd><kwd>Белое море</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>areal rifting</kwd><kwd>geodynamics</kwd><kwd>orogens</kwd><kwd>shift</kwd><kwd>continental tectonics</kwd><kwd>tectonic flow</kwd><kwd>transpression</kwd><kwd>transtension</kwd><kwd>North America</kwd><kwd>Sondaland</kwd><kwd>Transbaikalia</kwd><kwd>Tien Shan</kwd><kwd>White Sea</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках государственного задания ГИН РАН (№ FMMG-2023-0007)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study is supported by state project of the Geological Institute of the RAS (No. FMMG-2023-0007)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Арешев Е.Г., Гаврилов В.П., Донг Ч.Л., Зао Н., Попов O.K., Поспелов В.В., Шан Н.Т., Шнип О.А. 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