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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">litosphere</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Литосфера</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>LITHOSPHERE (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1681-9004</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-302X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>A.N. Zavaritsky Institute of Geology and Geochemistry</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24930/2500-302X-2026-26-1-229-240</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">JJMYWC</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">litosphere-2460</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Солевое выветривание строительных материалов мавзолея Хусейн-бека (Чишминский район, Республика Башкортостан)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Salt weathering of cement material of the Hussein-Bek Mausoleum (Chishminsky district, Republic of Bashkortostan)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Потапов</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Potapov</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>456317, Челябинская обл., г. Миасс</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey S. Potapov</p><p>Miass 456317</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">s.potapov-60@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Червяцова</surname><given-names>О. Я.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chervyatsova</surname><given-names>O. Ya.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>453585, Республика Башкортостан, Бурзянский район, г. Иргызлы, ул. Заповедная, 14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga Ya. Chervyatsova</p><p>14 Zapovednaya st., Irgyzly, Burzyan District, Bashkortostan Republic 453585</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kittary@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузьмина</surname><given-names>Л. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzmina</surname><given-names>L. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>450054, Республика Башкортостан, г. Уфа, пр-т Октября, 69</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyudmila Y. Kuzmina</p><p>69 Oktyabr av., Ufa 450054</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lky_kapova2020@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Садыков</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sadykov</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>456317, Челябинская обл., г. Миасс</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey A. Sadykov</p><p>Miass 456317</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Южно-Уральский федеральный научный центр минералогии и геоэкологии УрО РАН, Институт минералогии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>South Urals Federal Research Center of Mineralogy and Geoecology, UB RAS, Institute of Mineralogy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственный природный биосферный заповедник “Шульган-Таш”</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Shulgan-Tash State Natural Biosphere Reserve</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Уфимский федеральный исследовательский центр РАН, Уфимский Институт биологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ufa Federal Research Center of RAS, Ufa Institute of Biology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>229</fpage><lpage>240</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Потапов С.С., Червяцова О.Я., Кузьмина Л.Ю., Садыков С.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Потапов С.С., Червяцова О.Я., Кузьмина Л.Ю., Садыков С.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Potapov S.S., Chervyatsova O.Y., Kuzmina L.Y., Sadykov S.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.lithosphere.ru/jour/article/view/2460">https://www.lithosphere.ru/jour/article/view/2460</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Объект исследования</title><p>Объект исследования. Продукты солевого выветривания на цементе строительных блоков известняка мавзолея Хусейн-бека, расположенного в Чишминском районе Республики Башкортостан.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Методами рентгенофазового, электронно-микроскопического, энерго-дисперсионного и масс-спектрометрического анализов изучен состав минералов из выцветов.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Установлено, что продукты солевого выветривания представлены следующими минералами: гипсом CaSO4 × 2H2O, хамберстонитом K3Na7Mg2(SO4)6(NO3)2 × 6H2O, дарапскитом Na3(SO4)(NO3) × H2O, сингенитом K2Ca(SO4)2 × H2O, эпсомитом MgSO4 × 7H2O, кизеритом MgSO4 × H2O, глауберитом Na2Ca(SO4)2, доломитом CaMg(CO3)2 и целестином SrSO4. Изотопный состав серы δ34S минералов из высолов варьирует в пределах +7.28 … +11.38‰ V-CDT. Пробы с хамберстонитом и дарапскитом характеризуются облегченным составом серы, что, по-видимому, связано с биотическим воздействием гуано птиц.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Основным механизмом деструкции строительного камня, выявленным в мавзолее Хусейн-бека, является солевая коррозия цемента за счет кристаллизации аутигенных минералов. Солевая коррозия мавзолея Хусейн-бека предположительно имеет орнитогенную природу за счет жизнедеятельности птиц, преимущественно полевых воробьев (Passer montanus).</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Research subject</title><p>Research subject. Products of salt weathering on limestone building blocks of the Hussein-Bek Mausoleum, located in the Chishminsky District of the Republic of Bashkortostan.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The composition of salt weathering minerals was studied using X-ray phase, electron microscopic, energy-dispersive, and mass spectrometric analysis methods.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In the efflorescences, the following main minerals were found: gypsum CaSO4 × 2H2O, hamberstonite K3Na7Mg2(SO4)6(NO3)2 × 6H2O, darapskite Na3(SO4)(NO3) × H2O, syngenite K2Ca(SO4)2 × H2O, epsomite MgSO4 × 7H2O, kieserite MgSO4 × H2O, glauberite Na2Ca(SO4)2, dolomite CaMg(CO3)2, and celestine SrSO4. The sulfur isotope composition (δ34S) of the efflorescence minerals ranged from +7.28 to +11.38 ‰ V-CDT. Samples with hamberstonite and darapskite were characterized by light isotope enrichment, which is apparently associated with the biotic impact of bird guano.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The main mechanism leading to destruction of the building stone of the HusseinBek Mausoleum was established to be salt weathering of the cement caused by the crystallization of authigenic minerals. The salt weathering of the Mausoleum is ornithogenic in nature, caused by the activity of birds, primarily field sparrows (Passer montanus).</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>солевое выветривание</kwd><kwd>сульфаты</kwd><kwd>нитраты</kwd><kwd>минеральный состав</kwd><kwd>изотопия серы</kwd><kwd>строительный камень</kwd><kwd>мавзолей Хусейн-бека</kwd><kwd>Республика Башкортостан</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>salt weathering</kwd><kwd>sulfates</kwd><kwd>nitrates</kwd><kwd>mineral composition</kwd><kwd>sulfur isotope</kwd><kwd>building stone</kwd><kwd>Hussein-Bek mausoleum</kwd><kwd>Republic of Bashkortostan</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено по теме “Природные системы в условиях горно-промышленного техногенеза и климатических колебаний: минералого-геохимические и палеоэкологические исследования” в рамках государственного задания Института минералогии Южно-Уральского ФНЦ минералогии и геоэкологии УрО РАН (номер государственного учета научно-исследовательской работы 124021200055-0)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out within the framework of the topic “Natural systems under conditions of mining and industrial technogenesis and climatic fluctuations: mineralogical, geochemical and paleoecological studies” funded by the state assignment of the Institute of Mineralogy of the South Ural Federal Scientific Center of Mineralogy and Geoecology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (State registration No. 124021200055-0)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Агроклиматические ресурсы Башкирской АССР. 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