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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">litosphere</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Литосфера</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>LITHOSPHERE (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1681-9004</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-302X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>A.N. Zavaritsky Institute of Geology and Geochemistry</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24930/2500-302X-2026-26-1-29-51</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">JPRKWY</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">litosphere-2451</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности проявления литогенеза и криогенеза позднего плейстоцена в почвах центра Восточно-Европейской равнины</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Features of Late Pleistocene lithogenesis and cryogenesis in soils of the central area of East European Plain</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Овчинников</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ovchinnikov</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>142290, Московская область, г. Пущино</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey Yu. Ovchinnikov</p><p>Pushchino, Moscow oblast 142290</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ovchinnikov_a@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт физико-химических и биологических проблем почвоведения РАН – обособленное подразделение Федерального исследовательского центра “Пущинский научный центр биологических исследований РАН” (ИФХиБПП РАН)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems of Soil Science, RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>29</fpage><lpage>51</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Овчинников А.Ю., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Овчинников А.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ovchinnikov A.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.lithosphere.ru/jour/article/view/2451">https://www.lithosphere.ru/jour/article/view/2451</self-uri><abstract><p>Объекты и методы исследований. Работа основана на сравнительном анализе авторских и литературных данных по исследованию зональности проявления процессов литогенеза и криогенеза в почвах в центре ВосточноЕвропейской равнины. Участки исследования расположены в перигляциальной зоне эпохи валдайского оледенения, сосредоточены в трех почвенных зонах шести субъектов Российской Федерации. В работе использован комплекс методов, включающий картографический, морфологический и стратиграфический методы, 14С-метод для датирования образцов почв, сравнительно-географический.</p><p>Цель исследования – выявить особенности проявления процессов педогенеза, литогенеза и криогенеза позднего плейстоцена на территории центра Восточно-Европейской равнины.</p><p>Результаты. Применение комплексного методического подхода впервые позволило в широком географическом аспекте получить результаты и систематизировать данные, демонстрирующие разную степень процессов позднеплейстоценового криогенеза, литогенеза и педогенеза в почвах центра ВосточноЕвропейской равнины. На территории исследования в разных почвенных зонах обнаружены и систематизированы: палеокриогенный микрорельеф, палеокриогенные явления, палеопочвы средневалдайского времени, которые обладают разными морфогенетическими особенностями, залегают на разных глубинах, погребены разным по мощности осадком, что отражает зональную специфику и время процессов литогенеза и педогенеза. От средневалдайского этапа до современности воздействие валдайского ледника обеспечивало поэтапную смену и интенсивность природных процессов в перигляциальной области от периферийной части к приледниковой. С начала формирования, расцвета и деградации ледникового щита происходила разная по времени и интенсивности проявления смена процессов педогенеза, литогенеза и криогенеза и вновь литогенеза и педогенеза на разных территориях центра Восточно-Европейской равнины. В зоне черноземов процессы педогенеза, литогенеза и криогенеза происходили несколько раньше, чем в гумидных регионах, последние же были незначительными и кратковременными. Территория зоны серых почв оказалась во власти максимального развития и воздействия ледникового покрова, что отразилось в процессах интенсивного литогенеза и наиболее экстремальных условиях процессов криогенеза. В зоне дерново-подзолистых почв процессы криолитопедогенеза в разные эпохи были недолговременными, что, вероятно, связано с динамикой существования и деградации ледникового покрова, проявившейся в дефиците переносимого минерального материала, а также с ослаблением и кратковременностью криогенных процессов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Research subject and methods. A comparative analysis of the author’s and literature data on the zoning of lithogenesis and cryogenesis processes in soils of the central area of the East European Plain was carried out. The study sites are located in the periglacial zone of the Valdai glaciation, concentrated around three soil zones of six subjects of the Russian Federation. A set of methods, including cartographic, morphological, stratigraphic, comparative geographical, and the 14C-method for dating soil samples, was used.</p><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To identify the features of manifestation of the Late Pleistocene processes of pedogenesis, lithogenesis, and cryogenesis in the central area of the East European Plain.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. For the first time, the use of an integrated methodological approach made it possible to obtain results in a wide geographical aspect and generalize data demonstrating the varying degrees of the Late Pleistocene processes of cryogenesis, lithogenesis, and pedogenesis in the soils of the central area of the East European Plain. Here, paleocryogenic microrelief, paleocryogenic phenomena, and paleosoils of the Middle Altai period were identified and systematized. These soils possess different morphogenetic features, lie at different depths, and are buried by sediments of different thickness, reflecting the zonal specificity, time, and speed of lithogenesis and pedogenesis. From the Middle Valdai stage up to the present, the impact of the Valdai glacier has ensured the gradual change and intensity of natural processes in the periglacial region from the peripheral part to the glacial part. Since the onset of the formation, flourishing, and degradation of the ice sheet, the processes of pedogenesis, lithogenesis, and cryogenesis, and again lithogenesis and pedogenesis, have changed at different times and with a varying intensity of manifestation in different central areas of the East European Plain. In the chernozem zone, the processes of pedogenesis, lithogenesis, and cryogenesis occurred somewhat earlier than in the humid regions, with the latter process being insignificant and short-lived. The territory of the gray soil zone was dominated by the maximum development and impact of the glacial cover, which was reflected in the processes of intensive lithogenesis and the most extreme conditions of cryogenesis processes. In the zone of sod-podzolic soils, cryolithopedogenesis processes in different epochs were short-term, which was likely due to the dynamics of the existence and degradation of the glacial cover, manifested in a shortage of transported mineral material, as well as to the weakening and shortening of cryogenic processes.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>палеопочвоведение</kwd><kwd>палеогеография</kwd><kwd>палеокриогенез</kwd><kwd>литогенез</kwd><kwd>поздний плейстоцен</kwd><kwd>ВосточноЕвропейская равнина</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>paleosurface science</kwd><kwd>paleogeography</kwd><kwd>paleocryogenesis</kwd><kwd>lithogenesis</kwd><kwd>Late Pleistocene</kwd><kwd>East European plain</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена по теме госзадания № 122040500036-9</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out on the topic of state assignment No. 122040500036-9</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алифанов В.М. 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