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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">litosphere</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Литосфера</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>LITHOSPHERE (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1681-9004</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-302X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>A.N. Zavaritsky Institute of Geology and Geochemistry</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24930/1681-9004-2025-25-2-295-308</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">YWMLUH</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">litosphere-2277</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕТОДЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH METHODS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Импедансная высокотемпературная спектроскопия как метод фиксации начальных стадий фазовых превращений минералов (на примере альмандина из Верхоловской гранатовой копи, Средний Урал)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>High-temperature impedance spectroscopy as a technique for monitoring the initial stages of phase transformations in minerals (exemplified by almandine from the Verkholovskaya garnet mine, Middle Urals)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Желуницын</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhelunitsyn</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>620110; ул. Академика Вонсовского, 15; Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan A. Zhelunitsyn</p><p>620110; 15 Academician Vonsovsky st.; Ekaterinburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zhelunitsyn@igg.uran.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михайловская</surname><given-names>З. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhaylovskaya</surname><given-names>Z. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>620110; ул. Академика Вонсовского, 15; 620075; пр-т Ленина, 51; Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zoya A. Mikhaylovskaya</p><p>620110; 15 Academician Vonsovsky st.; 620075; 51 Lenin av.; Ekaterinburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вотяков</surname><given-names>С. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Votyakov</surname><given-names>S. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>620075; пр-т Ленина, 51; Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey L. Votyakov</p><p>620075; 51 Lenin av.; Ekaterinburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт геологи и геохимии им. академика А.Н. Заварицкого УрО РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.N. Zavaritsky Institute of Geology and Geochemistry, UB RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт геологи и геохимии им. академика А.Н. Заварицкого УрО РАН; Уральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б.Н. Ельцина</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.N. Zavaritsky Institute of Geology and Geochemistry, UB RAS; Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Уральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б.Н. Ельцина</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title>Минералы: строение, свойства, методы исследования</issue-title><fpage>295</fpage><lpage>308</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Желуницын И.А., Михайловская З.А., Вотяков С.Л., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Желуницын И.А., Михайловская З.А., Вотяков С.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zhelunitsyn I.A., Mikhaylovskaya Z.A., Votyakov S.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.lithosphere.ru/jour/article/view/2277">https://www.lithosphere.ru/jour/article/view/2277</self-uri><abstract><p>   Объект исследования и методы. Методом импедансной высокотемпературной спектроскопии в режиме нагрева-охлаждения при температурах 200–900 °С и частот 1–106 Гц с использованием электродов из платины и кобальтита лантана-стронция изучены электрические характеристики природного образца альмандина из Верхоловской гранатовой копи (Средний Урал, Россия). Полученные результаты интерпретированы в сопоставлении с термогравиметрическими и рентгеноструктурными данными, а также данными диффузионного светорассеяния порошков альмандина в исходном состоянии, после отжига при 750 °С и модельного синтетического оксида железа Fe2O3.</p><sec><title>   Результаты</title><p>   Результаты. В режиме охлаждения наблюдается прямолинейная зависимость с изломом в области температур 600–625 °С с характерными энергиями активациями Ea ⬚ 0.58 и 0.81 эВ для низкотемпературной (200–625 °С) и высокотемпературной (625–900 °С) областей, соответственно. В цикле нагрева-охлаждения на зависимости фиксируется аномалия при 750 °С, в результате которой с ростом температуры сопротивление образца не меняется либо меняется незначительно. Анализ данных импедансной спектроскопии позволил зафиксировать начало разложения образца альмандина уже при 750 °С; ранее об изменении фазового состава при данной температуре не сообщалось. Начальная стадия деструкции альмандина сопровождается выделением на его поверхности наноразмерных частиц оксида железа Fe2O3, что подтверждено данными диффузного рассеяния света. Традиционные методы фиксации изменения фазового состава (ТГ-ДТА и рентгенофазовый анализ) указывают на появление фазы Fe2O3 только при температурах выше 750 °С, что может быть связано с их недостаточной чувствительностью и/или специфической морфологией выделяющейся фазы Fe2O3.</p></sec><sec><title>   Выводы</title><p>   Выводы. Влияние малых изменений фазового состава соединений (начальных стадий фазовых превращений) открывает перспективы использования импедансной спектроскопии для фиксации и изучения начальных стадий температурного разложения минералов и синтетических материалов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   Research subject and Methods. The electrical characteristics of an almandine sample from the Verkholovskaya garnet mine (Middle Urals, Russia) were studied using high-temperature impedance spectroscopy in both heating and cooling modes, over a temperature range of 200–900 °С and a frequency range of 1–106 Hz. For this method, electrodes made of platinum and lanthanum-strontium cobaltite were employed. The results were interpreted in combination with thermogravimetric data, X-ray diffraction XRD analyses and diffuse light scattering measurements for almandine powders in their initial state, after annealing at 750 °С and for model synthetic iron oxide Fe2O3.</p><sec><title>   Results</title><p>   Results. In the cooling mode, a linear dependence was observed with a break in the temperature range of 600–625 °С with characteristic activation energies Ea ⬚ 0.58 and 0.81 eV in the low-temperature (200–625 °С) and high-temperature (625–900 °С) regions, respectively. During the heating-cooling cycle an anomaly was noted at 750 °С, where the sample’s resistance remained constant or changed insignificantly with increasing temperature. Analysis of impedance spectroscopy data revealed the onset of decomposition of the almandine sample already at 750 °С. Previously, no changes in phase composition had been reported at this temperature. The initial stage of almandine destruction is accompanied by the formation of nanosized particles of iron oxide Fe2O3 on its surface, which was confirmed by diffuse light scattering data. Traditional methods of detecting changes in phase composition (TG-DTA and X-ray phase analysis) indicate the appearance of the Fe2O3 phase only at temperatures above 750 °С. This may be associated with their insufficient sensitivity and/or the specific morphology of the released Fe2O3 phase.</p></sec><sec><title>   Conclusions</title><p>   Conclusions. The impact of minor changes in the phase composition of compounds (initial stages of phase transformations) highlights the potential of impedance spectroscopy as a valuable tool for recording and investigating the early stages of thermal decomposition of both minerals and synthetic materials.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>альмандин</kwd><kwd>импедансная спектроскопия</kwd><kwd>температурная устойчивость</kwd><kwd>термогравиметрия</kwd><kwd>диффузное рассеяние</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>almandine</kwd><kwd>impedance spectroscopy</kwd><kwd>temperature resistance</kwd><kwd>thermogravimetry</kwd><kwd>diffuse light scattering</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в ЦКП “Геоаналитик” ИГГ УрО РАН в рамках тем №№ 123011800012-9 и 124020300057-6 государственного задания ИГГ УрО РАН</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out in the Common Use Center “Geoanalitik”, within the framework of the program No. 123011800012–9 and 124020300057–6 of the Institute of Geology and Geochemistry, UB RAS</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бахтерев В.В., Кузнецов А.Ж. 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