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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">litosphere</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Литосфера</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>LITHOSPHERE (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1681-9004</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-302X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>A.N. Zavaritsky Institute of Geology and Geochemistry</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24930/1681-9004-2024-24-2-406-415</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">litosphere-2073</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Синтез кристаллов сульфидных минералов инконгруэнтными методами на примере систем Cu–Fe–S и Cu–Fe–Se</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Synthesis of sulfide mineral crystals by incongruent methods using the example of Cu-Fe-S and Cu-Fe-Se systems</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пузанова</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Puzanova</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> 119049, г. Москва, Ленинский пр-т, 4/1</p><p>142432, г. Черноголовка, ул. Академика Осипьяна, 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina G. Puzanova</p><p>4/1 Leninsky av., Moscow 119049</p><p>4 Academician Osipyan st., Chernogolovka 142432</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">air4a@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панкрушина</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pankrushina</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>г. Екатеринбург, 620110, ул. Академика Вонсовского, 15</p><p>620002, г. Екатеринбург, ул. Мира, 19</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elizaveta A. Pankrushina</p><p>15 Academician Vonsovsky st., Ekaterinburg 620110</p><p>19 Mira st., Ekaterinburg 620002</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Печурин</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pechurin</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>г. Екатеринбург, 620110, ул. Академика Вонсовского, 15</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail S. Pechurin</p><p>15 Academician Vonsovsky st., Ekaterinburg 620110</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чареев</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chareev</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>142432, г. Черноголовка, ул. Академика Осипьяна, 4</p><p>141982, г. Дубна, ул. Университетская, 19</p><p>620002, г. Екатеринбург, ул. Мира, 19</p><p>420008, г. Казань, ул. Кремлевская, 18</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitriy A. Chareev</p><p>4 Academician Osipyan st., Chernogolovka 142432</p><p>19 Universitetskaya st., Dubna 141982</p><p>19 Mira st., Ekaterinburg 620002</p><p>18 Kremlevskaya st., Kazan 420008</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет науки и технологий МИСИС; Институт экспериментальной минералогии им. академика Д.С. Коржинского РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National University of Science and Technology “MISIS”; D.S. Korzhinsky Institute of Experimental Mineralogy, RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт геологии и геохимии им. академика А.Н. Заварицкого УрО РАН; Физико-технологический институт Уральского федерального университета</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.N. Zavaritsky Institute of Geology and Geochemistry, UB RAS; Institute of Physics and Technology of the Ural Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт геологии и геохимии им. академика А.Н. Заварицкого УрО РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.N. Zavaritsky Institute of Geology and Geochemistry, UB RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт экспериментальной минералогии им. академика Д.С. Коржинского РАН; Государственный университет “Дубна”; Физико-технологический институт Уральского федерального университета; Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>D.S. Korzhinsky Institute of Experimental Mineralogy, RAS; State University “Dubna”; Institute of Physics and Technology of the Ural Federal University; Kazan Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>406</fpage><lpage>415</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пузанова И.Г., Панкрушина Е.А., Печурин М.С., Чареев Д.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пузанова И.Г., Панкрушина Е.А., Печурин М.С., Чареев Д.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Puzanova I.G., Pankrushina E.A., Pechurin M.S., Chareev D.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.lithosphere.ru/jour/article/view/2073">https://www.lithosphere.ru/jour/article/view/2073</self-uri><abstract><p>Объект исследования. Понимание структуры и термодинамических свойств сульфидных минералов важно для изучения парагенезиса образования сульфидов на Земле и в космосе, а также для анализа технологических вопросов переработки руд и концентратов полисульфидного продукта. Для многих представителей систем Cu–Fe–S и Cu–Fe–Se отсутствуют литературные экспериментальные и теоретические данные. Цель. Синтез кристаллов в системах Cu–Fe–S и Cu–Fe–Se при минимально возможных температурах для последующего изучения их физических свойств, одновременно с этим решение главной задачи материаловедения в связке состав–структура–свойства. Материалы и методы. Синтез кристаллов проводили раствор-расплавным методом в стационарном температурном градиенте, в вакуумированных запаянных ампулах из кварцевого стекла. В эксперименте использовали два вида ампул, стандартные и длинные. Ампулы заполняли шихтой и солевой смесью RbCl-LiCl эвтектического состава, вакуумировали и запаивали, затем помещали в кварцевые или керамические стаканы по несколько штук, а стаканы – в трубчатые печи так, чтобы концы ампул с шихтой располагались ближе к центру печи, а противоположные концы ближе к краю для создания температурного градиента. Для стандартных ампул температура горячего конца составляла 520–469℃, холодного конца – 456–415℃. Для длинных: горячий конец – 470℃, холодный – 340℃. Продолжительность синтеза составляла от трех до четырех месяцев. Результаты. В зависимости от состава шихты получены кристаллы халькозина Cu2S, борнита Cu5FeS4, халькопирита CuFeS2, изокубанита CuFe2S3, железосодержащего сульфида димеди с содержанием железа до 8 ат. % и различные равновесные ассоциации с их участием, а также пирита FeS2 и пирротинов Fe1–xS. В некоторых образцах найдены дендриты меди. Кроме того, получены кристаллы фазы примерного состава CuFeSe2. Показано, что благодаря разным комбинациям степеней окисления всех трех элементов, растворенных в солевом электролите, возможно получение фаз с практически любым стехиометрическим соотношением. С помощью спектроскопии комбинационного рассеяния уверенно регистрируются халькопирит и изокубанит. При этом часть проб локально характеризуется “отсутствием” спектра, что свидетельствует, вероятно, о металлических (полуметаллических) свойствах образцов. Выводы. На примере систем Cu–Fe–S и Cu–Fe–Se показана возможность получения кристаллов сульфидов в солевом расплаве RbCl-LiCl вплоть до температуры эвтектики 313℃. Из-за низкой температуры синтеза необходимо проводить его в течение нескольких месяцев, и в результате получаются кристаллы размером в доли миллиметра.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Research subject. Understanding the structure and thermodynamic properties of sulfide minerals is important for studying the paragenesis of sulfide formation on Earth and in space, as well as for analyzing technological issues in the processing of ores and polysulfide product concentrates. There is a lack of experimental and theoretical information on many representatives of the Cu-Fe-S and Cu-Fe-Se systems. Aim. To synthesize crystals in the Cu-Fe-S and Cu-Fe-Se systems at the lowest possible temperatures for the subsequent study of their physical properties, while solving the main problem of materials science related to interrelations between composition, structure, and properties. Materials and methods. Crystal synthesis was carried out by the solution-melt method in a stationary temperature gradient, in evacuated sealed quartz glass ampoules. Two types of ampoules were used in the experiment, standard and long. The ampoules were filled with a charge and a salt mixture of RbCl-LiCl of eutectic composition, evacuated and sealed, then placed in several quartz or ceramic glasses. The glasses were placed in tubular furnaces such that the ends of the ampoules with the charge were located closer to the center of the furnace, and the opposite ends were closer to the edge to create a temperature gradient. For standard ampoules, the hot end temperature was 520–469℃, and the cold end was 456–415℃. For long ones: 470℃ – hot end and 340℃ – cold. The synthesis duration ranged from three to four months. Results. Depending on the composition of the charge, crystals of chalcocine Cu2S, bornite Cu5FeS4, chalcopyrite CuFeS2, isocubanite CuFe2S3, and iron-containing dicopper sulfide with an iron content of up to 8 at % and various equilibrium associations with their participation and with the participation of pyrite FeS2 and pyrrhotites Fe1–xS were obtained. Copper dendrites were also found in some samples. In addition, crystals of a phase with the approximate composition of CuFeSe2 were obtained. It is shown that due to different combinations of oxidation states of all three elements dissolved in a salt electrolyte, it is possible to obtain phases with almost any stoichiometric ratio. Chalcopyrite and isocubanite are reliably detected using Raman spectroscopy. In this case, some samples are locally characterized by the “absence” of a spectrum, which probably indicates the metallic (semi-metallic) properties of the samples. Conclusion. Using the Cu-Fe-S and Cu-Fe-Se systems as an example, the possibility of obtaining sulfide crystals in a RbCl-LiCl salt melt up to a eutectic temperature of 313℃ is shown. Due to the low synthesis temperature, the synthesis should be carried out over several months, resulting in crystals a fraction of a millimeter in size.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сульфиды</kwd><kwd>медь</kwd><kwd>железо</kwd><kwd>рост кристаллов</kwd><kwd>спектроскопия комбинационного рассеяния</kwd><kwd>солевые расплавы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>sulfides</kwd><kwd>copper</kwd><kwd>iron</kwd><kwd>crystal growth</kwd><kwd>Raman spectroscopy</kwd><kwd>molten salts</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке гранта Президента РФ для государственной поддержки ведущих научных школ РФ № НШ-2394.2022.1.5, за счет средств Программ стратегического академического лидерства Казанского (Приволжского) федерального университета и Уральского федерального университета (ПРИОРИТЕТ-2030). КР-спектроскопия выполнена в рамках государственного задания ИГГ УрО РАН № 123011800012-9.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was supported by the Grant of the President of the Russian Federation for state support of leading scientiﬁc schools of the Russian Federation No. NSh-2394.2022.1.5, with funds from the Strategic Academic Leadership Programs of the Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University and the Ural Federal University (PRIORITY-2030). Raman spectroscopy was carried out within the framework of the state assignment of the Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences No. 123011800012-9.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">База данных Springer Materials: https://materials.springer.com</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bernardini G.P., Corsini F., Mazzetti G., Trosti-Ferroni R. (1982) Phase relations in the CuFeSe system at 300°C. Mat. Res. Bull., 17(8), 981-991.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вильке К.-Т. (1977) Выращивание кристаллов (Ред. Т.Г. Петров, О.Ю. Пунин). Л.: Недра, 600 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Böhmer A.E., Taufour V., Straszheim W.E., Wolf T., Can-ﬁeld P.C. 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