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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">litosphere</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Литосфера</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>LITHOSPHERE (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1681-9004</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-302X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>A.N. Zavaritsky Institute of Geology and Geochemistry</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24930/1681-9004-2023-23-2-247-269</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">litosphere-1847</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ювелирный гранат альмандин месторождения Кителя (Карелия): состав и спектроскопические свойства</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Almandine jewelry garnet from the Kitelya deposit (Karelia): composition and spectroscopic properties</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лютоев</surname><given-names>В. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyutoev</surname><given-names>V. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>167000</p><p>ул. Первомайская, 54</p><p>Сыктывкар</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir P. Lyutoev</p><p>167000</p><p>54 Pervomaiskaya st.</p><p>Syktyvkar</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vlutoev@geo.komisc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макеев</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makeyev</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119017</p><p>Старомонетный пер., 35</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander B. Makeyev</p><p>119017</p><p>35 Staromonetny lane</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">abmakeev@igem.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Терехов</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Terekhov</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119017</p><p>Пыжевский пер., 7</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeniy N. Terekhov</p><p>119017</p><p>7 Pyzhevsky lane</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tereh@ilran.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт геологии ФИЦ Коми НЦ УрО РАН<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Geology, FRC Komi SC UB RAS<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт геологии рудных месторождений, петрографии, минералогии и геохимии РАН<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrography, Mineralogy and Geochemistry RAS<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Геологический институт РАН<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Geological Institute RAS<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>247</fpage><lpage>269</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лютоев В.П., Макеев А.Б., Терехов Е.Н., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лютоев В.П., Макеев А.Б., Терехов Е.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lyutoev V.P., Makeyev A.B., Terekhov E.N.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.lithosphere.ru/jour/article/view/1847">https://www.lithosphere.ru/jour/article/view/1847</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>   Объект исследования</title><p>   Объект исследования. Химический состав и спектроскопические свойства ювелирного граната альмандина месторождения Кителя в Северном Приладожье (Карелия).</p></sec><sec><title>   Материалы и методы</title><p>   Материалы и методы. Исследованы химический состав, элементы-примеси, минеральные включения, спектроскопические свойства (ИКС, ЯГР – мёссбауэровская спектроскопия, спектры поглощения) ювелирных кристаллов альмандина.</p></sec><sec><title>   Результаты</title><p>   Результаты. Выявлено, что кристаллы граната имеют слабовыраженный зональный состав, который варьируется от Alm75Pir15Sps7Grs3 в центре до Alm80Pir14Sps4Grs2 на их краях, т. е. содержание Ca и Mn уменьшается к краям зерен. Эта зональность гранатов характерна для процессов прогрессивного метаморфизма пород, в которых они образовались. В виде мелких включений в кристаллах граната присутствуют кварц, хлорит, слюда ФАСИ (биотит), ильменит, рутил, монацит, циркон, пирротин. Установлен состав хлорита, биотита, циркона. Рассчитан параметр кубической элементарной ячейки: ао = 11.522 ± 0.003 Å. В ИК-спектре граната присутствуют линии поглощения: 995, 966, 901, 878, 638, 568, 528, 476, 455 см–1, характерные для пироп-альмандиновой разности. Мёссбауэровская спектроскопия установила незначительную примесь трехвалентного железа (Fe3+) в структуре кительского граната (≈ 1 % от суммы изоморфного железа). Полученные спектры оптического поглощения пластинок граната в видимой области света свидетельствуют, что ионы Fe2+ в додекаэдрических позициях, в меньшей степени додекаэдрические ионы Mn2+, а также, возможно, октаэдрические ионы Fe3+ ответственны за яркую красно-малиновую окраску пироп-альмандина месторождения Кителя.</p></sec><sec><title>   Выводы</title><p>   Выводы. Получен “портрет” типоморфных особенностей (состава и свойств) ювелирного граната пироп-альмандина месторождения Кителя. Этот портрет, несомненно, поможет распознавать исторические находки ограненных или кабошонизированных разностей альмандина в ювелирных изделиях, церковной утвари не только в России, но и в Европе (в которую этот ювелирный материал вывозился в XVII столетии). Сохранность ювелирных разностей граната во вмещающей породе обусловлена наличием тонких аморфных келефитовых оболочек или мягких минералов (серицита, хлорита, каолинита и др.).</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>   Research subject</title><p>   Research subject. The chemical composition and spectroscopic properties of almandine jewelry garnets from the Kite-lya deposit in the Northern Ladoga region (Karelia).</p></sec><sec><title>   Materials and methods</title><p>   Materials and methods. The chemical composition, impurity elements, mineral inclusions and spectroscopic properties of almandine jewelry crystals were studied using IR and Mössbauer spectroscopy.</p></sec><sec><title>   Results</title><p>   Results. Garnet crystals were found to exhibit a weakly pronounced zonal composition, varying from Alm75Pir15Sps7Grs3 in the center to Alm80Pir14Sps4Grs2 at their edges. Therefore, the Ca and Mn contents decrease towards the grain edges. This zonality of garnets is characteristic of the processes of progressive metamorphism of their host rocks. The garnet crystals feature small inclusions of quartz, chlorite, mica FACI (biotite), ilmenite, rutile, monazite, zircon and pyrrhotite. The composition of chlorite, biotite and zircon was established. The parameter of the cube unit cell ao = 11.522 ± 0.003 Å was calculated. The IR absorption spectra of 995, 966, 901, 878, 638, 568, 528, 476 and 455 cm–1 are characteristic of the pyrope-almandine difference. Mössbauer spectroscopy revealed an insignificant admixture of trivalent iron (Fe3+) in the structure of Kitelya garnets (≈1 % of the amount of isomorphic iron). The obtained optical absorption spectra of garnet plates in the visible light spectrum indicate that Fe2+ ions in dodecahedral positions, to a lesser extent dodecahedral Mn2+ ions, as well as possibly octahedral Fe3+ ions are responsible for the bright red-crimson color of pyrop-almandine from the Kitelya deposit.</p></sec><sec><title>   Conclusions</title><p>   Conclusions. A “portrait” of typomorphic features (composition and properties) of the pyrope-almandine jewelry garnet from the Kitelya deposit was obtained. This portrait can be used when analyzing the historical finds of faceted or cabochonized differences of almandine in jewelry, church utensils in both Russia and Europe (where this jewelry material was exported during the 17th century). The preservation of garnet jewelry differences in the host rock is due to the presence of thin amorphous kelefite shells or soft minerals (sericite, chlorite, kaolinite etc.).</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гранат альмандин</kwd><kwd>месторождение Кителя</kwd><kwd>Карелия</kwd><kwd>состав</kwd><kwd>спектроскопические свойства</kwd><kwd>ИКС</kwd><kwd>ЯГР</kwd><kwd>спектры поглощения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>almandine garnet</kwd><kwd>Kitelya deposit</kwd><kwd>Karelia</kwd><kwd>composition</kwd><kwd>spectroscopic properties</kwd><kwd>IRS</kwd><kwd>JAGR–Mossbauer spectroscopy</kwd><kwd>absorption spectra</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Исследования выполнены в рамках тем НИР государственного задания ИГ ФИЦ Коми НЦ УрО РАН – 1021062211108-5-1.5.2, ИГЕМ РАН – № FMMN-2021-0005, ГИН РАН – № FMMG-2023-0007</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The research was carried out within the framework of the research topics of the state task of IG FRC Komi SC UB RAS – 1021062211108-5-1.5.2, IGEM RAS – No. FMMN-2021-0005, GIN RAS – No. FMMG-2023-0007</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Азимов П. 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