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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">litosphere</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Литосфера</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>LITHOSPHERE (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1681-9004</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-302X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>A.N. Zavaritsky Institute of Geology and Geochemistry</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24930/1681-9004-2022-22-5-694-704</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">litosphere-1732</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Палеопочвы в отложениях Каширского горизонта на юго-востоке Русской плиты (Республика Башкортостан): характеристика, палеоэкологическая и стратиграфическая значимость</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Paleosols in the Kashira deposits in the south of the East European Craton (Republic of Bashkortostan): characteristics, paleoecological and stratigraphic signiﬁcance</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мирнов</surname><given-names>Р. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mirnov</surname><given-names>R. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>450006, г. Уфа, ул. Ленина, 86/1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Roman V. Mirnov</p><p>86/1 Lenin st., Ufa 450006</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">MirnovRV@bnipi.rosneft.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеева</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekseeva</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>142290, г. Пущино, Московская обл., ул. Институтская, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana V. Alekseeva</p><p>2 Institutskaya st., Pushchino, Moscow region 142290</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alekseeva@issp.serpukhov.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО “РН-БашНИПИ-нефть”</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>RN-BashNIPI-neft</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт физико-химических и биологических проблем почвоведения РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science of Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>694</fpage><lpage>704</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мирнов Р.В., Алексеева Т.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мирнов Р.В., Алексеева Т.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mirnov R.V., Alekseeva T.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.lithosphere.ru/jour/article/view/1732">https://www.lithosphere.ru/jour/article/view/1732</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Объект исследования</title><p>Объект исследования. Палеопочвы в отложениях каширского горизонта московского яруса карбона на территории юга Восточно-Европейской платформы. Цель. Изучение особенностей строения палеопочв и их вещественного состава.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Работа основана на изучении керна глубоких скважин. Исследования включали в себя детальное описание керна и шлифов, рентгенофазовый анализ и растровую электронную микроскопию.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Суммарно в разрезе каширского горизонта выделены семь уровней развития палеопочв, которые прослеживаются на расстоянии до 120 км. Среди них различают четыре типа палеопочв, три из которых развиты на доломитовом субстрате. Доломиты имеют следующие характерные особенности: микрокристаллическая структура с размером кристаллов 5–10 мкм, преимущественно идиоморфная форма кристаллов, высокая межкристаллическая пористость (до 38%), включения галита, гипса и ангидрита, повсеместное распространение нитевидных образований сепиолита. В палеопочвах на известняковом субстрате обнаружены бета-калькреты с Microcodium. Изучение ископаемых корней растений (ризолитов) показало связь их типов с составом субстрата. Так, на доломитовом субстрате встречены петрифицированные ризолиты и ризолитыслепки, заполненные осадочной породой, часто с развитыми глинистыми кутанами, тогда как на известняковом субстрате развиты кальцитовые трубки-тубулы вокруг корневых каналов, к которым приурочены многочисленные образования Microcodium.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Выявленные особенности состава и строения палеопочв, такие как присутствие инситного галита и сульфатов (ангидрита и гипса), сепиолита, а также развитие бета-калькретов, позволяют сделать вывод о семиаридном климате в каширском веке на изучаемой территории.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Research subject</title><p>Research subject. Paleosols discovered in the Kashira sequence of the Pennsylvanian in the southeastern part of the East European platform. Aim. To study the structure and composition of the paleosols.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Core material from wells was studied by X-ray analysis, scanning electron microscopy and a detailed description of the core and thin sections.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Four types of paleosols were identiﬁed, three of which are developed on a dolomite substrate. The dolomites are characterized by the following features: microcrystalline structure with a crystal size of 5–10 microns; predominantly euhedral form of crystals, high intercrystalline porosity (up to 38%), inclusions of in situ halite, gypsum and anhydrite, ubiquitous ﬁlaments of sepiolite. In paleosols based on a limestone substrate, beta-calcretes with Microcodium were found. The study of fossil roots (rhizoliths) revealed the correlation between their types and substrate composition. Thus, petriﬁed rhizoliths and root casts ﬁlled with sedimentary rock and developed clay cutans were found on a dolomite substrate, while calcite tubules around root channels were developed on a limestone substrate. The latter show the presence of abundant Microcodium formations.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The revealed morphological and compositional features of the paleosols under study, such as the presence of in situ halite and sulfates (anhydrite and gypsum), sepiolite, and beta calcretes, point to the semiarid climate during the Kashira age on the area under study.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Восточно-Европейская платформа</kwd><kwd>каширский горизонт</kwd><kwd>поздний карбон</kwd><kwd>палеопочвы</kwd><kwd>ризолиты</kwd><kwd>калькреты</kwd><kwd>микрокодии</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>East European Craton</kwd><kwd>Kashira deposits</kwd><kwd>Late Carboniferous</kwd><kwd>paleosols</kwd><kwd>rhizoliths</kwd><kwd>calcretes</kwd><kwd>Microcodium</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алексеева Т.В. 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