<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">litosphere</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Литосфера</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>LITHOSPHERE (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1681-9004</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-302X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>A.N. Zavaritsky Institute of Geology and Geochemistry</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24930/1681-9004-2022-22-2-153-178</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">litosphere-1582</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Венд Среднего Урала: палеоклиматические реконструкции на основе химических индексов изменения состава пород</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vendian of the Middle Urals: Paleoclimatic reconstructions based  on chemical weathering indices</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маслов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maslov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>620110, г. Екатеринбург, ул. Акад. Вонсовского, 15</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>15 Acad. Vonsovsky st., Ekaterinburg 620110</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">amas2004@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт геологии и геохимии УрО РАН<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">A.N. Zavaritsky Institute of Geology and Geochemistry, UB RAS<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>153</fpage><lpage>178</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Маслов А.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Маслов А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Maslov A.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.lithosphere.ru/jour/article/view/1582">https://www.lithosphere.ru/jour/article/view/1582</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Объект исследования</title><p>Объект исследования. Глинистые породы серебрянской и сылвицкой серий венда западного склона Среднего Урала.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Материалом для исследований явились данные о содержании основных породообразующих оксидов в глинистых породах (аргиллиты, глинистые сланцы, мелкозернистые глинистые алевролиты, всего около 180 образцов) с величинами потерь при прокаливании менее 6 мас. %. Указанные сведения получены в начале 2000-х гг. рентгенофлуоресцентным методом в ИГГ УрО РАН. По ним рассчитаны средние, минимальные и максимальные значения различных индексов выветривания. Отбор образцов выполнен из естественных обнажений в бассейнах рек Чусовая, Серебрянка, Сылвица, Межевая Утка, Усьва и Койва.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Установлено, что осадочные последовательности серебрянской и сылвицкой серий, в которых диамиктиты присутствуют на нескольких уровнях, не обладают заметной контрастностью значений различных химических индексов изменения пород на палеоводоборах. Так, например, с учетом величин стандартных отклонений (±1σ) значения коэффициента Ракстона для всех девяти свит венда являются статистически сопоставимыми. Это же свойственно средним для глинистых пород разных свит значениям СIA, CIW, PIA, ICV и MIA(o). Вариации средних величин СРА показывают, что с учетом ±1σ только породы старопечнинской, гаревской и перевалокской свит можно считать статистически различающимися. С учетом ±1σ глинистые породы бутонской свиты по среднему значению Mg-индекса значимо отличаются от тонкозернистых обломочных пород гаревской и керносской свит. Глинистые породы танинской и керносской свит обладают слабой или умеренной положительной корреляцией между отношением TiO2/Al2O3 и индексами Ракстона, PIA, ICV и гидролизатным модулем. Это предполагает зависимость перечисленных индикаторов интенсивности выветривания от состава пород на палеоводосборах.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Полученные сведения позволяют считать, что при осреднении на уровне свит (даже если в составе свит достаточно много несомненно гляц иогенных образований) мы, по-видимому, не фиксируем специфический вклад последних и в итоге получаем в существенной степени иную картину, чем для других неопротерозойских отложений, включающих в себя диамиктиты, ленточные глины и интервалы с дропстоунами.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Research subject</title><p>Research subject. The clayey rocks of the Vendian Serebryanka and Sylvitsa groups on the western slope of the Middle Urals.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The research materials comprised data on the content of main rock-forming oxides in clayey rocks (mudstones, shales, fine-grained clayey siltstones, ≈180 samples in total) with the values of losses on ignition &lt;6 wt %. This information, obtained at the beginning of 2000 by the X-ray fluorescence method at the Institute of Geology and Geochemistry, Ural Branch of RAS, was used to calculate the average, minimum and maximum values of various weathering indices. Samples were taken from natural outcrops in the basins of the Chusovaya, Serebryanka, Sylvitsa, Mezhevaya Utka, Usva and Koiva rivers.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. It was established that the sedimentary sequences of the Serebryanka and Sylvitsa groups, in which diamictites are present at several levels, do not exhibit a noticeable contrast in the values of various chemical indices of weathering. For example, taking into account the values of standard deviations (±1σ), the values of the Ruxton coefficient for all nine Vendian formations are statistically comparable. The same is characteristic of the average values of CIA, CIW, PIA, ICV and MIA(o) for clayey rocks of different formations. Variations in the average CPA values show that, taking into account ±1σ, only the rocks of the Starye Pechi, Garevka and Perevalok formations can be considered statistically different. Taking into account ±1σ, the clayey rocks of the Buton Formation differ significantly from the fine-grained clastic rocks of the Garevka and Kernos formations in terms of the average value of the Mg-index. The clayey rocks of the Tanin and Kernos formations have a weak or moderate positive correlation between the TiO2/Al2O3 ratio and the Ruxton, PIA, ICV indices and the hydrolyzate modulus. This suggests the dependence of the listed indicators of the intensity of weathering from the composition of rocks in paleocatchments.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The data obtained suggest that, when averaging at the level of formations (even if the formations include quite a lot of undoubtedly glaciogenic deposits), we apparently do not record the specific contribution of the latter and, as a result, we obtain a substantially different picture than that which emerges for other Neoproterozoic deposits, including diamictites, varved clays, and intervals with dropstone.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>глинистые породы</kwd><kwd>венд</kwd><kwd>Средний Урал</kwd><kwd>литохимия</kwd><kwd>палеоклиматические реконструкции</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>clayeу rocks</kwd><kwd>Vendian</kwd><kwd>Middle Urals</kwd><kwd>lithochemistry</kwd><kwd>paleoclimatic reconstructions</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Исследования проведены в соответствии с темой госзадания ИГГ УрО РАН (№ госрегистрации АААА-А18-118053090044-1)</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The studies were carried out in accordance with the theme of the state assignment of the IGG UB RAS (state registration No. АААА-А18-118053090044-1)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аблизин Б.Д., Клюжина М.Л., Курбацкая Ф.А., Курбацкий А.М. (1982) Верхний рифей и венд западного склона Среднего Урала. М.: Наука, 140 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ablizin B.D., Klyuzhina M.L., Kurbatskaya F.A., Kurbatskii A.M. (1982) Upper Riphean and Vendian of the western slope of the Middle Urals. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 140 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бортников Н.С., Савко А.Д., Новиков В.М., Боева Н.М., Соболева С.В., Жегалло Е.А., Дмитриев Д.И., Крайнов А.В., Жухлистов А.П., Бушуева Е.Б. (2016) Латненское месторождение огнеупорных глин (Центральная Россия). Литология и полез. ископаемые, (6), 487-500.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Au P.-I., Leong Y.-K. (2016) Surface Chemistry and reology of Slurries of Kaolinite and Montmorillonite from Different Sources. KONA Powder Particle J., (33), 17-32.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вендская система. Историко-геологическое и палеонтологическое обоснование. (1985) Т. 2. Стратиграфия и геологические процессы. М.: Наука, 238 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Babechuk M.G., Widdowson M., Kamber B.S. (2014) Quantifying chemical weathering intensity and trace element release from two contrasting basalt profiles, Deccan Traps, India. Chem. Geol., 363, 56-75.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Географический атлас России. (1997) М.: Картография, 164 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ban J.-D., Moon S.-W., Lee S.-W., Lee J.-G., Seo Y.-S. (2017) Physical and Chemical Weathering Indices for Biotite Granite and Granitic Weathered Soil in Gyeongju. J. Eng. Geol., 27, 451-462.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гражданкин Д.В., Марусин В.В., Меерт Дж., Крупенин М.Т., Маслов А.В. (2011) Котлинский горизонт на Южном Урале. Докл. АН, 440(2), 201-206.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barshad I. (1966) The effect of a variation in precipitation on the nature of clay mineral formation in soils from acid and basic igneous rocks. Proc. Int. Clay Conf., Jerusalem, 167-173.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гражданкин Д.В., Маслов А.В. (2015) Место венда в международной стратиграфической шкале. Геология и геофизика, 56(4), 703-717.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bortnikov N.S., Savko A.D., Novikov V.M., Boeva N.M., Soboleva S.V., Zhukhlistov A.P., Dmitriev D.I., Krainov A.V., Zhegallo E.A., Bushueva E.B. (2016) The Latnenskoe refractory clay deposit (Central Russia). Lithol. Miner. Resour., 51(6), 425-438.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гражданкин Д.В., Маслов А.В., Крупенин М.Т., Ронкин Ю.Л. (2010) Осадочные системы сылвицкой серии (верхний венд Среднего Урала). Екатеринбург: УрО РАН, 280 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brasier M., McCarron G., Tucker R., Leather J., Allen P., Shields G. (2000) New U-Pb zircon dates for the Neoproterozoic Ghubrah glaciation and for the top of the Huqf Supergroup, Oman. Geology, 28, 175-178.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кузнецов В.Г. (2011) Литология. Основы общей (теоретической) литологии. М.: Науч. мир, 360 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Buggle B., Glaser B., Hambach U., Gerasimenko N., Marković S. (2011) An evaluation of geochemical weathering indices in loess-paleosol studies. Quat. Int., 240, 1221.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кузнецов Н.Б., Белоусова Е.А., Крупенин М.Т., Романюк Т.В., Маслов А.В. (2017) Результаты геохронологического и изотопно-геохимического изучения циркона из туфов сылвицкой серии (западный склон Среднего Урала): к происхождению пепловых прослоев в вендских толщах Восточно-Европейской платформы. Докл. АН, 473(3), 341-345.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ceryan S. (2018) Weathering Indices Used in Evaluation of the Weathering State of Rock Material. Handbook of Research on Trends and Digital Advances in Engineering Geology. IGI Global, 132-186.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Маслов А.В. (2010а) Гляциогенные и связанные с ними осадочные образования: основные литохимические особенности. Сообщение 1. Поздний архей, протерозой. Литология и полез. ископаемые, (4), 423-445.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chumakov N.M. (2004) Glacial and ice-free climate in the Precambrian. Climate in the Epoches of Major Biospheric Transformations. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 259-270. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Маслов А.В. (2010б) Гляциогенные и связанные с ними осадочные образования: основные литохимические особенности. Сообщение 2. Палеозой, кайнозой. Литология и полез. ископаемые, (5), 496-518.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chumakov N.M. (2015) Glaciation of the Earth: History, stratigraphic and biospheric significance. Moscow, GEOS Publ., 160 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Маслов А.В. (2011) Вендские осадочные последовательности и индикаторы палеоклимата: новые данные. Проблемы минералогии, петрографии и металлогении. Мат-лы науч. чтений памяти П.Н. Чирвинского. Вып. 14. Пермь: Изд-во Пермского ун-та, 93-99.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chumakov N.M., Sergeev V.N. (2004) The problem of climatic zoning in the Late Precambrian. Climate and biosphere events. Climate in the Epoches of Major Biospheric Transformations. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 271-289. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Маслов А.В. (2014) К реконструкции палеоклиматических обстановок формирования отложений крутихинской подсвиты чернокаменской свиты (Средний Урал). Тр. ИГГ УрО РАН. Вып. 161, 70-71.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cox R., Lowe D.R., Cullers R.L. (1995) The influence of sediment recycling and basement composition on evolution of mudrock chemistry in the southwestern United States. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 59, 2919-2940.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Маслов А.В. (2020) Категории водосборов-источников тонкой алюмосиликокластики для отложений серебрянской и сылвицкой серий венда (Средний Урал). Литосфера, 20(6), 751-770.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cullers R.L. (2000) The geochemistry of shales, siltstones and sandstones of Pennsylvaniane-Permian age, Colorado, USA: implications for provenance and metamorphic studies. Lithos, 51, 181-203.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Маслов А.В., Крупенин М.Т., Гареев Э.З. (2003) Литологические, литохимические и геохимические индикаторы палеоклимата (на примере рифея Южного Урала). Литология и полез. ископаемые, (5), 427-446.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dellinger M., Gaillardet J., Bouchez J., Calmels D., Galy V., Hilton R.G., Louvat P., France-Lanord C. (2014) Lithium isotopes in large rivers reveal the cannibalistic nature of modern continental weathering and erosion. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 401, 359-372.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Маслов А.В., Крупенин М.Т., Киселева Д.В. (2011) Литогеохимия тонкозернистых алюмосиликокластических пород серебрянской серии венда Среднего Урала. Геохимия, (10), 1032-1062.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dingle R.V., Lavelle M. (1998) Late Cretaceous–Cenozoic climatic variations of the northern Antarctic Peninsula: new geochemical evidence and review. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol., 141, 215-232.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Маслов А.В., Меерт Дж., Левашова Н.М., Ронкин Ю.Л., Гражданкин Д.В., Кузнецов Н.Б., Крупенин М.Т., Федорова Н.М., Ипатьева И.С. (2013а) Новые данные о возрасте ледниковых отложений венда Среднего Урала. Докл. АН, 449(3), 322-327.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dinis P.A., Garzanti E., Hahn A., Vermeesch P., CabralPinto M. (2020) Weathering indices as climate proxies. A step forward based on Congo and SW African river muds. Earth-Sci. Rev., 201, 103039. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.103039</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Маслов А.В., Подковыров В.Н. (2018) Редокс-статус океана 2500–500 млн лет назад: современные представления. Литология и полез. ископаемые, (3), 207230.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Duzgoren-Aydin N.S., Aydin A., Malpas J. (2002) Reassessment of chemical weathering indices: case study of piroclastic rocks of Hong Kong. Eng. Geol., 63, 99-119.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Маслов А.В., Подковыров В.Н., Гражданкин Д.В., Федоров Ю.Н., Гареев Э.З. (2013б) Некоторые литогеохимические особенности тонкозернистых обломочных пород складчатой и нескладчатой молассы венда (западная мегазона Южного и Среднего Урала, восток и северо-восток Русской платформы). Литосфера, (1), 17-35.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ehrmann W. (1998) Implications of late Eocene to early Miocene clay mineral assemblages in McMurdo Sound (Ross Sea, Antarctica) on paleoclimate and ice dynamics. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol., 139, 213-231.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ронкин Ю.Л., Гражданкин Д.В., Маслов А.В., Мизенс Г.А., Матуков Д.И., Крупенин М.Т., Петров Г.А., Лепихина О.П., Корнилова А.Ю. (2006) U-Pb (SHRIMP-II)-возраст цирконов из пепловых туфов чернокаменской свиты сылвицкой серии венда (Средний Урал). Докл. АН, 411(3), 354-359.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fedo C.M., Nesbitt H.W., Young G.M. (1995) Unraveling the effects of potassium metasomatism in sedimentary rocks and paleosols, with implications for paleoweathering conditions and provenance. Geology, 23, 921-924.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Федорова Н.М., Левашова Н.М., Баженов М.Л., Меерт Дж.Дж., Сергеева Н.Д., Голованова И.В., Данукалов К.Н., Кузнецов Н.Б., Кадыров А.Ф., Хидиятов М.М. (2013) Восточно-Европейская платформа в конце эдиакария: новые палеомагнитные и геохронологические данные. Геология и геофизика, 54(11), 1782-1794.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fedorova N.M., Levashova N.M., Bazhenov M.L., Meert J.G., Sergeeva N.D., Golovanova I.V., Danukalov K.N., Kuznetsov N.B., Kadyrov A.F., Khidiyatov M.M. (2013) The East European Platform in the Late Ediacaran: new paleomagnetic and geochronological data. Russ. Geol. Geophys., 54(11), 1392-1401.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чумаков Н.М. (2004) Ледниковый и безледниковый климат в докембрии. Климат в эпохи крупных биосферных перестроек. М.: Наука, 259-270.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gaillardet J., Dupré B., Louvat P., Allègre C.J. (1999) Global silicate weathering and CO2 consumption rates deduced from the chemistry of large rivers. Chem. Geol., 159, 3-30.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чумаков Н.М. (2015) Оледенения Земли: История, стратиграфическое значение и роль в биосфере. М.: ГЕОС, 160 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Garzanti E., Resentini A. (2016) Provenance control on chemical indices of weathering (Taiwan river sands). Sediment. Geol., 336, 81-95.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чумаков Н.М., Сергеев В.Н. (2004) Проблема климатической зональности в позднем докембрии. Климат и биосферные события. Климат в эпохи крупных биосферных перестроек. М.: Наука, 271-289.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Geographical Atlas of Russia. (1997) Moscow, Cartography Publ., 164 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Юдович Я.Э., Кетрис М.П. (2000) Основы литохимии. СПб.: Наука, 479 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goldberg K., Humayun M. (2010) The applicability of the Chemical Index of Alteration as a paleoclimatic indicator: An example from the Permian of the Paraná Basin, Brazil. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol., 293, 175-183.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Юдович Я.Э., Кетрис М.П. (2011) Геохимические индикаторы литогенеза (литологическая геохимия). Сыктывкар: Геопринт, 742 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">González-Álvarez I., Kerrich R. (2012) Weathering intensity in the Mesoproterozoic and modern large-river systems: A comparative study in the Belt-Purcell Supergroup, Canada and USA. Precambr. Res., 208–211, 174-196.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Au P.-I., Leong Y.-K. (2016) Surface Chemistry and reology of Slurries of Kaolinite and Montmorillonite from Different Sources. KONA Powder Particle J., (33), 17-32.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grazhdankin D.V., Marusin V.V., Meert J., Krupenin M.T., Maslov A.V. (2011) Kotlin Regional Stage in the South Urals. Dokl. Earth Sci., 440(1), 1222-1226.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Babechuk M.G., Widdowson M., Kamber B.S. (2014) Quantifying chemical weathering intensity and trace element release from two contrasting basalt profiles, Deccan Traps, India. Chem. Geol., 363, 56-75.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grazhdankin D.V., Maslov A.V. (2015) The room for the Vendian in the International Chronostratigraphic Chart. Russ. Geol. Geophys., 56, 549-559.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ban J.-D., Moon S.-W., Lee S.-W., Lee J.-G., Seo Y.-S. (2017) Physical and Chemical Weathering Indices for Bio tite Granite and Granitic Weathered Soil in Gyeongju. J. Eng. Geol., 27, 451-462.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grazhdankin D.V., Maslov A.V., Krupenin M.T., Ronkin Yu.L. (2010) Sedimentary systems of the Sylvitsa Group (Upper Vendian of the Middle Urals). Ekaterinburg, UB RAS Publ., 280 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barshad I. (1966) The effect of a variation in precipitation on the nature of clay mineral formation in soils from acid and basic igneous rocks. Proc. Int. Clay Conf., Jerusalem, 167-173.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guo Y., Yang S., Su N., Li C., Yin P., Wang Z. (2018) Revisiting the effects of hydrodynamic sorting and sedimentary recycling on chemical weathering indices. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 227, 48-63.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brasier M., McCarron G., Tucker R., Leather J., Allen P., Shields G. (2000) New U-Pb zircon dates for the Neoproterozoic Ghubrah glaciation and for the top of the Huqf Supergroup, Oman. Geology, 28, 175-178.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Harnois L. (1988) The CIW index: a new chemical index of weathering. Sediment. Geol., 55, 319-322.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Buggle B., Glaser B., Hambach U., Gerasimenko N., Marković S. (2011) An evaluation of geochemical weathering indices in loess-paleosol studies. Quat. Int., 240, 1221.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heidari A., Osat M., Konyushkova M. (2022) Geochemical indices as efficient tools for assessing the soil weathering status in relation to soil taxonomic classes. Catena, 208, 105716. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2021.105716</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ceryan S. (2018) Weathering Indices Used in Evaluation of the Weathering State of Rock Material. Handbook of Research on Trends and Digital Advances in Engineering Geology. IGI Global, 132-186.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hessler A.M., Zhang J., Covault J., Ambrose W. (2017) Continental weathering coupled to Paleogene climate changes in North America. Geology, 45, 911-914.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cox R., Lowe D.R., Cullers R.L. (1995) The influence of sediment recycling and basement composition on evolution of mudrock chemistry in the southwestern United States. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 59, 2919-2940.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huber H., Koeberl C., McDonald I., Reimold W.U. (2001) Geochemistry and petrology of Witwatersrand and Dwyka diamictites from South Africa: Search for an extraterrestrial component. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 65(12), 2007-2016.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cullers R.L. (2000) The geochemistry of shales, siltstones and sandstones of Pennsylvaniane-Permian age, Colorado, USA: implications for provenance and metamorphic studies. Lithos, 51, 181-203.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Irfan T.Y. (1999) Characterization of weathered volcanic rocks in Hong Kong. Quart. J. Eng. Geol., 32, 317-348.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dellinger M., Gaillardet J., Bouchez J., Calmels D., Galy V., Hilton R.G., Louvat P., France-Lanord C. (2014) Lithium isotopes in large rivers reveal the cannibalistic nature of modern continental weathering and erosion. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 401, 359-372.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Irfan T.Y. (1996) Mineralogy, fabric properties and classification of weathered granites in Hong Kong. Quart. J. Eng. Geol., 29, 5-35.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dingle R.V., Lavelle M. (1998) Late Cretaceous–Cenozoic climatic variations of the northern Antarctic Peninsula: new geochemical evidence and review. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol., 141, 215-232.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kellerhals P., Matter A. (2003) Facies analysis of a glaciomarine sequence, the Neoproterozoic Mirbat Sandstone Formation, Sultanate of Oman. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae, 96, 49-50.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dinis P.A., Garzanti E., Hahn A., Vermeesch P., CabralPinto M. (2020) Weathering indices as climate proxies. A step forward based on Congo and SW African river muds. Earth-Sci. Rev., 201, 103039. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.103039</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuznetsov N.B., Romanyuk T.V., Belousova E.A., Krupenin M.T., Maslov A.V. (2017) The results of geochronological and isotope–geochemical study of zircons from tuff of the Sylvitsa group (western slope of the Middle Urals): the origin of ash layers in Vendian rocks of the East European Platform. Dokl. Earth Sci., 473(1), 359362.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Duzgoren-Aydin N.S., Aydin A., Malpas J. (2002) Reassessment of chemical weathering indices: case study of piroclastic rocks of Hong Kong. Eng. Geol., 63, 99-119.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuznetsov V.G. (2011) Lithology. Foundations of gene ral (theoretical) lithology. Moscow, Nauchnyi mir Publ., 360 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ehrmann W. (1998) Implications of late Eocene to early Miocene clay mineral assemblages in McMurdo Sound (Ross Sea, Antarctica) on paleoclimate and ice dynamics. Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol., 139, 213-231.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Levashova N.M., Bazhenov M.L., Meert J.G., Kuznetsov N.B., Golovanova I.V., Danukalov K.N., Fedorova N.M. (2013) Paleogeography of Baltica in the Ediacaran: paleomagnetic and geochronological data from the clastic Zigan Formation, South Urals. Precambr. Res., 236, 16-30.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fedo C.M., Nesbitt H.W., Young G.M. (1995) Unraveling the effects of potassium metasomatism in sedimentary rocks and paleosols, with implications for paleoweathering conditions and provenance. Geology, 23, 921-924.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li C., Yang S. (2010) Is chemical index of alteration (CIA) a reliable proxy for chemical weathering in global drainage basins? Amer. J. Sci., 310, 111-127.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gaillardet J., Dupré B., Louvat P., Allègre C.J. (1999) Global silicate weathering and CO2 consumption rates deduced from the chemistry of large rivers. Chem. Geol., 159, 3-30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li Z.-X., Evans D.A.D., Halverson G.P. (2013) Neoproterozoic glaciations in a revised global palaeogeography from the breakup of Rodinia to the assembly of Gondwanaland. Sediment. Geol., 294, 219-232.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Garzanti E., Resentini A. (2016) Provenance control on chemical indices of weathering (Taiwan river sands). Sediment. Geol., 336, 81-95.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lindsey D.A. (1969) Glacial sedimentation of the Precambrian Gowganda Formation, Ontario, Canada. GSA Bull., 80, 1685-1704.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goldberg K., Humayun M. (2010) The applicability of the Chemical Index of Alteration as a paleoclimatic indicator: An example from the Permian of the Paraná Basin, Brazil. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 293, 175-183.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marques E.A.G., Amaral Vargas E.D. Jr., Leao M.F. (2020) Weathering of Rocks in Brazil. Soft Rock Mechanics and Engineering. Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 251-290.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">González-Álvarez I., Kerrich R. (2012) Weathering intensity in the Mesoproterozoic and modern large-river systems: A comparative study in the Belt-Purcell Supergroup, Canada and USA. Precambr. Res., 208-211, 174-196.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maslov A.V. (2020) Categories of Vendian catchments – sources of fine-grained aluminosiliciclastic materials for the Serebryanka and Sylvitsa group deposits (Middle Urals). Lithosphere (Russia), 20(6), 751-770. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.24930/1681-9004-2020-20-6-751-770</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guo Y., Yang S., Su N., Li C., Yin P., Wang Z. (2018) Revisiting the effects of hydrodynamic sorting and sedimentary recycling on chemical weathering indices. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 227, 48-63.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maslov A.V. (2010а) Glaciogenic and related sedimentary rocks: main lithochemical features. Communication 1. Late Archean and Proterozoic. Lithol. Miner. Resour., 45(4), 377-397.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harnois L. (1988) The CIW index: a new chemical index of weathering. Sediment. Geol., 55, 319-322.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maslov A.V. (2010б) Glaciogenic and related sedimentary rocks: main lithochemical features. Communication 2. The Paleozoic and Cenozoic. Lithol. Miner. Resour., 45(5), 443-464.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heidari A., Osat M., Konyushkova M. (2022) Geochemical indices as efficient tools for assessing the soil weathering status in relation to soil taxonomic classes. Catena, 208, 105716. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2021.105716</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maslov A.V. (2011) Vendian sedimentary sequences and paleoclimate indicators: new evidence. Problems of mineralogy, petrography and metallogeny. Scientific materials. readings in memory of P.N. Chirvinsky. Iss. 14. Perm’, Perm’ University Publ., 93-99. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hessler A.M., Zhang J., Covault J., Ambrose W. (2017) Continental weathering coupled to Paleogene climate chan ges in North America. Geology, 45, 911-914.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maslov A.V. (2014) On the reconstruction of the paleoclimatic conditions of the formation of deposits of the Krutikha Subformation of the Chernyi Kamen Formation (Middle Urals). Tr. IGG UB RAS. Vyp. 161, 70-71. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huber H., Koeberl C., McDonald I., Reimold W.U. (2001) Geochemistry and petrology of Witwatersrand and Dwyka diamictites from South Africa: Search for an extraterrestrial component. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 65(12), 2007-2016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maslov A.V., Krupenin M.T., Gareev E.Z. (2003) Lithological, lithochemical, and geochemical indicators of paleoclimate: evidence from Riphean of the Southern</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Irfan T.Y. (1996) Mineralogy, fabric properties and classification of weathered granites in Hong Kong. Quart. J. Eng. Geol., 29, 5-35.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Urals. Litol. Polezn. Iskop., 38(5), 427-446. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Irfan T.Y. (1999) Characterization of weathered volcanic rocks in Hong Kong. Quart. J. Eng. Geol., 32, 317-348.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maslov A.V., Krupenin M.T., Kiseleva D.V. (2011) Lithogeochemistry of the fine-grained siliciclastic rocks of the Vendian Serebryanka group of the Central Urals. Geochem. Int., 49(10), 974-1001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kellerhals P., Matter A. (2003) Facies analysis of a glaciomarine sequence, the Neoproterozoic Mirbat Sandstone Formation, Sultanate of Oman. Eclog. Geol. Helvetiae, 96, 49-50.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maslov A.V., Meert J., Levashova N.M., Ronkin Yu.L., Grazhdankin D.V., Kuznetsov N.B., Krupenin M.T., Fedorova N.M., Ipat’eva I.S. (2013a) New constraints for the age of Vendian glacial deposits (Central Urals). Dokl. Earth Sci., 449(1), 303-308.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Levashova N.M., Bazhenov M.L., Meert J.G., Kuznetsov N.B., Golovanova I.V., Danukalov K.N., Fedorova N.M. (2013) Paleogeography of Baltica in the Ediacaran: paleomagnetic and geochronological data from the clastic Zigan Formation, South Urals. Precambr. Res., 236, 16-30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maslov A.V., Podkovyrov V.N. (2018) Ocean redox state at 2500‒500 Ma: modern concepts. Lithol. Miner. Resour., 53(3), 190-211.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li C., Yang S. (2010) Is chemical index of alteration (CIA) a reliable proxy for chemical weathering in global drainage basins? Amer. J. Sci., 310, 111-127.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maslov A.V., Podkovyrov V.N., Grazhdankin D.V., Fedorov Yu.N., Gareev E.Z. (2013b) Some lithogeochemical characteristics of fine-grained clastic rocks in fol ded and unfolded Vendian molasses (western megazone of the South and Middle Urals, easternand north-eastern regions of Russian Platform). Lithosphere (Russia), (1), 17-35. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li Z.-X., Evans D.A.D., Halverson G.P. (2013) Neoproterozoic glaciations in a revised global palaeogeography from the breakup of Rodinia to the assembly of Gondwanaland. Sediment. Geol., 294, 219-232.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maynard J.B. (1992) Chemistry of modern soils as a guide to interpreting Precambrian paleosols. J. Geol., 100, 279289.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lindsey D.A. (1969) Glacial sedimentation of the Precambrian Gowganda Formation, Ontario, Canada. GSA Bull., 80, 1685-1704.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McLennan S.M. (1993) Weathering and global denudation. J. Geol., 101, 295-303.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marques E.A.G., Amaral Vargas E.Jr., Leao M.F. (2020) Weathering of Rocks in Brazil. Soft Rock Mechanics and Engineering. Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 251-290.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mohsen Q., El-Maghraby A. (2010) Characterization and assessment of Saudi clays raw material at different area. Arab. J. Chem., (3), 271-277.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maynard J.B. (1992) Chemistry of modern soils as a guide to interpreting Precambrian paleosols. J. Geol., 100, 279289.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nadłonek W., Bojakowska I. (2018) Variability of chemical weathering indices in modern sediments of the Vistula and Odra rivers (Poland). Appl. Ecol. Environ. Res., 16, 2453-2473.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McLennan S.M. (1993) Weathering and global denudation. J. Geol., 101, 295-303.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nesbitt H.W., Young G.M. (1982) Early Proterozoic climates and plate motions inferred from major element chemistry of lutites. Nature, 299, 715-717.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mohsen Q., El-Maghraby A. (2010) Characterization and assessment of Saudi clays raw material at different area. Arab. J. Chem., (3), 271-277.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nesbitt H.W., Young G.M. (1989) Formation and diagenesis of weathering profiles. J. Geol., 97, 129-147.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nadłonek W., Bojakowska I. (2018) Variability of chemical weathering indices in modern sediments of the Vistula and Odra rivers (Poland). Appl. Ecol. Environ. Res., 16, 2453-2473.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ojakangas R.W., Matsch C.L. (1980) Upper Precambrian (Eocambrian) Mineral Fork Tillite of Utah: A continental glacial glaciomarine sequence. GSA Bull., 91, 495-501.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit63"><label>63</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nesbitt H.W., Young G.M. (1982) Early Proterozoic climates and plate motions inferred from major element chemistry of lutites. Nature, 299, 715-717.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Parker A. (1970) An index of weathering for silicate rocks. Geol. Mag., 107, 501-504.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit64"><label>64</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nesbitt H.W., Young G.M. (1989) Formation and diagenesis of weathering profiles. J. Geol., 97, 129-147.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Price J.R., Velbel M.A. (2003) Chemical weathering indices applied to weathering profiles developed on heterogeneous felsic metamorphic parent rocks. Chem. Geol., 202, 397-416.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit65"><label>65</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ojakangas R.W., Matsch C.L. (1980) Upper Precambrian (Eocambrian) Mineral Fork Tillite of Utah: A continental glacial glaciomarine sequence. GSA Bull., 91, 495-501.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rieu R., Allen P.A., Etienne J.L., Cozzi A., Wiechert U. (2006) A Neoproterozoic glacially influenced basin margin succession and “atypical” cap carbonate associated with bedrock paleovalleys, Mirbat area, southern Oman. Basin Res., 18, 471-496.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit66"><label>66</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Parker A. (1970) An index of weathering for silicate rocks. Geol. Mag., 107, 501-504.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rieu R., Allen P.A., Plötze M., Pettke T. (2007a) Compositional and mineralogical variations in a Neoproterozoic glacially influenced succession, Mirbat area, south Oman: Implications for paleoweathering conditions. Precambr. Res., 154, 248-265.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit67"><label>67</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Price J.R., Velbel M.A. (2003) Chemical weathering indices applied to weathering profiles developed on heterogeneous felsic metamorphic parent rocks. Chem. Geol., 202, 397-416.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rieu R., Allen P.A., Plötze M., Pettke T. (2007b) Climatic cycles during a Neoproterozoic “snowball” glacial epoch. Geology, 35, 299-302.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit68"><label>68</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rieu R., Allen P.A., Etienne J.L., Cozzi A., Wiechert U. (2006) A Neoproterozoic glacially influenced basin margin succession and “atypical” cap carbonate associated with bedrock paleovalleys, Mirbat area, southern Oman. Basin Res., 18, 471-496.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ronkin Yu.L., Grazhdankin D.V., Maslov A.V., Mizens G.A., Matukov D.I., Krupenin M.T., Petrov G.A., Lepikhina O.P., Kornilova A.Yu. (2006) U-Pb (SHRIMP II) age of zircons from ash beds in the Chernokamen Formation, Vendian Sylvitsa Group (Central Urals). Dokl. Earth Sci., 411A(9), 1341-1345.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit69"><label>69</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rieu R., Allen P.A., Plötze M., Pettke T. (2007a) Compositional and mineralogical variations in a Neoproterozoic glacially influenced succession, Mirbat area, south Oman: Implications for paleoweathering conditions. Precambr. Res., 154, 248-265.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roy D.K., Roser B.P. (2013) Climatic control on the composition of Carboniferous–Permian Gondwana sediments, Khalaspir basin, Bangladesh. Gondw. Res., 23, 11631171.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit70"><label>70</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rieu R., Allen P.A., Plötze M., Pettke T. (2007b) Climatic cycles during a Neoproterozoic “snowball” glacial epoch. Geology, 35, 299-302.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ruxton B.P. (1968) Measures of the Degree of Chemical Weathering of Rocks. J. Geol., 76, 518-527.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit71"><label>71</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roy D.K., Roser B.P. (2013) Climatic control on the composition of Carboniferous–Permian Gondwana sediments, Khalaspir basin, Bangladesh. Gondw. Res., 23, 11631171.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shao J.Q., Yang S.Y. (2012) Does chemical index of alteration (CIA) reflect silicate weathering and monsoonal climate in the Changjiang River basin? Chin. Sci. Bull., 57, 1178-1187.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit72"><label>72</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ruxton B.P. (1968) Measures of the Degree of Chemical Weathering of Rocks. J. Geol., 76, 518-527.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sheldon N.D., Tabor N.J. (2009) Quantitative paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic reconstruction using paleosols. Earth-Sci. Rev., 95, 1-52.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit73"><label>73</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shaaibu S., Abdullahi A.U., Sadiq Y.O., Odey O.A. (2020) Physio-Chemical and Thermal Properties of Alkaleri Kaolin, Bauchi State, Nigeria for Ceramics Applications. FUTY J. Environ., 14(1), 60-68.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smith A.G. (2001) Paleomagnetically and tectonically based global maps for Vendian to Mid-Ordovician time. The ecology of the Cambrian radiation. N. Y., Columbian University press, 11-16.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit74"><label>74</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shao J.Q., Yang S.Y. (2012) Does chemical index of alteration (CIA) reflect silicate weathering and monsoonal climate in the Changjiang River basin? Chin. Sci. Bull., 57, 1178-1187.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smith A.G., Pickering K.T. (2003) Oceanic gateways as aritical factor to initiate icehouse Earth. J. Geol. Soc. (Lond.), 160, 337-340.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit75"><label>75</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sheldon N.D., Tabor N.J. (2009) Quantitative paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic reconstruction using paleosols. Earth-Sci. Rev., 95, 1-52.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smith A.J.B. (2007) The paleo-environmental significance of the Iron-formations and Iron-rich mudstones of the Mesoarchean Witwatersrand-Mozaan basin, South Africa. Magister Sci. dissertation. University of Johannesburg. South Africa, 208 p. The Vendian System. V. 2. Regional Geology. (1990) Berlin Heidelberg, Springer, 273 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit76"><label>76</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smith A.G. (2001) Paleomagnetically and tectonically based global maps for Vendian to Mid-Ordovician time. The ecology of the Cambrian radiation. N. Y.: Columbian University press, 11-16.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Turgeon S., Brumsack H.-J. (2006) Anoxic vs dyso xic events reflected in sediment geochemistry during the Cenomanian–Turonian Boundary Event (Cretaceous) in the Umbria–Marche basin of central Italy. Chem. Geol., 234, 321-339.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit77"><label>77</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smith A.G., Pickering K.T. (2003) Oceanic gateways as aritical factor to initiate icehouse Earth. J. Geol. Soc. (London), 160, 337-340.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yahaya S., Jikan S.S., Badarulzaman N.A., Adamu A.D. (2017) Chemical Composition and Particle Size Analysis of Kaolin. Traektoriâ Nauki = Path of Science, 3(10), 1001-1004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit78"><label>78</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smith A.J.B. (2007) The paleo-environmental significance of the Iron-formations and Iron-rich mudstones of the Mesoarchean Witwatersrand-Mozaan basin, South Africa. Magister Sci. dissertation. University of Johannesburg. South Africa, 208 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yasamanov N.A. (1985) Ancient Climates of the Earth. Leningrad, Gidrometeoizdat Publ., 294 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit79"><label>79</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Turgeon S., Brumsack H.-J. (2006) Anoxic vs dyso xic events reflected in sediment geochemistry during the Ceno manian–Turonian Boundary Event (Cretaceous) in the Umbria–Marche basin of central Italy. Chem. Geol., 234, 321-339.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Young G.M. (2001) Comparative Geochemistry of Pleistocene and Paleoproterozoic (Huronian) Glaciogenic Lamin ated Deposits: Relevance to Crustal and Atmospheric Composition in the Last 2.3 Ga. J. Geol., 109, 463-477.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit80"><label>80</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yahaya S., Jikan S.S., Badarulzaman N.A., Adamu A.D. (2017) Chemical Composition and Particle Size Analysis of Kaolin. Traektoriâ Nauki = Path of Science, 3(10), 1001-1004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Young G.M. (2002) Geochemical investigation of a Neoproterozoic glacial unit: The Mineral Fork Formation in the Wasatch Range, Utah. GSA Bull., 114, 387-399.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit81"><label>81</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Young G.M. (2001) Comparative Geochemistry of Pleistocene and Paleoproterozoic (Huronian) Glaciogenic Lamin ated Deposits: Relevance to Crustal and Atmospheric Composition in the Last 2.3 Ga. J. Geol., 109, 463-477.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yudovich Ya.E., Ketris M.P. (2000) Fundamentals of lithochemistry. St.Petersburg, Nauka Publ., 479 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit82"><label>82</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Young G.M. (2002) Geochemical investigation of a Neoproterozoic glacial unit: The Mineral Fork Formation in the Wasatch Range, Utah. GSA Bull., 114, 387-399.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Young G.M. (2002) Geochemical investigation of a Neoproterozoic glacial unit: The Mineral Fork Formation in the Wasatch Range, Utah. GSA Bull., 114, 387-399.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit83"><label>83</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Young G.M., Nesbitt H.W. (1985) The Gowganda Formation in the southern part of the Huronian outcrop belt, Ontario, Canada: stratigraphy, depositional environments and regional tectonic significance. Precambr. Res., 29, 265-301.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Young G.M., Nesbitt H.W. (1985) The Gowganda Formation in the southern part of the Huronian outcrop belt, Ontario, Canada: stratigraphy, depositional environments and regional tectonic significance. Precambr. Res., 29, 265-301.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
