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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">litosphere</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Литосфера</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>LITHOSPHERE (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1681-9004</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-302X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>A.N. Zavaritsky Institute of Geology and Geochemistry</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24930/1681-9004-2021-21-3-289-305</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">litosphere-1443</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Глубинный цикл углеводородов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Deep hydrocarbon cycle</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кучеров</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kutcherov</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119991, Москва, Ленинский просп., 65-1</p><p>Стокгольм 10044б, Швеция</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow 119991, Russia</p><p>Stockholm 10044, Sweden</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vladimir.kutcherov@indek.kth.se</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>К. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>K. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>620016, г. Екатеринбург, ул. Акад. Вонсовсого, 15</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>15 Akad. Vonsovsky st., Еkaterinburg 620016, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Серовайский</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Serovaiskii</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119991, Москва, Ленинский просп., 65-1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow 119991, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">РГУ нефти и газа (НИУ) имени И.М. Губкина; Королевский Технологический институт KTH<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">I.M. Gubkin National University of Oil and Gas; KTH Royal Institute of Technology<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт геологии и геохимии УрО РАН<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">A.N. Zavaritsky Institute of Geology and Geochemistry, Urals Branch of RAS<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">РГУ нефти и газа (НИУ) имени И.М. Губкина<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">I.M. Gubkin National University of Oil and Gas<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>07</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>289</fpage><lpage>305</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кучеров В.Г., Иванов К.С., Серовайский А.Ю., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кучеров В.Г., Иванов К.С., Серовайский А.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kutcherov V.G., Ivanov K.S., Serovaiskii A.Y.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.lithosphere.ru/jour/article/view/1443">https://www.lithosphere.ru/jour/article/view/1443</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Объект исследования</title><p>Объект исследования. Проведены эксперименты, моделирующие трансформацию сложных углеводородных систем при экстремальных термобарических условиях. Полученные результаты сопоставлены с геологическими наблюдениями на Урале, Камчатке и в других регионах.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Материалом для исследований стали модельная углеводородная система, сходная по составу с природным газоконденсатом, и система, состоящая из смеси предельных углеводородов и различных железосодержащих минералов, обогащенных 57Fe. В экспериментах были использованы два типа установок высокого давления: ячейка с алмазными наковальнями и камера высокого давления типа Тороид. Эксперименты проводились при давлении до 8.8 ГПа в температурном диапазоне 593–1600 К.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Эксперименты показали, что углеводородные системы, погружаемые в составе субдукционного слэба, могут сохранять свою стабильность до глубины 50 км. При дальнейшем погружении при контакте углеводородного флюида с окружающими железосодержащими минералами образуются гидриды и карбиды железа. При реакции карбидов железа с водой в темобарических условиях астеносферы образуется водно-углеводородный флюид. Геологические наблюдения, такие как находки метана в оливинах из не затронутых серпентинизацией ультрамафитах, наличие полициклических ароматических и тяжелых насыщенных углеводородов в офиолитовых аллохтонах и ультрамафитах, выдавленных из палеосубдукционой зоны Урала хорошо согласуются с полученными экспериментальными данными.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Полученные экспериментальные результаты и приведенные геологические наблюдения позволили предложить концепцию глубинного углеводородного цикла. При контакте углеводородных систем, погружаемых в составе субдукционного слэба, с железосодержащими минералами образуются гидриды и карбиды железа. Карбиды железа, переносимые в астеносфере конвективными потоками, могут реагировать с водородом, содержащимся в гидроксильной группе некоторых минералов, или с водой, имеющейся в астеносфере, и образовывать водно-углеводородный флюид. В дальнейшем мантийный флюид может мигрировать по глубинным разломам в земную кору и образовывать, как правило, многопластовые нефтегазовые залежи в горных породах любого литологического состава, генезиса и возраста. В астеносфере существуют и другие доноры углерода, которые могут служить источником глубинных углеводородов, также участвующих в глубинном углеводородном цикле, являясь дополнительной подпиткой общего восходящего потока водно-углеводородного флюида. По всей видимости, глубинный цикл углеводородов является составной частью более общего глубинного цикла углерода.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Research subject</title><p>Research subject. Experimental modelling of the transformation of complex hydrocarbon systems under extreme thermobaric conditions was carried out. The results obtained were compared with geological observations in the Urals, Kamchatka and other regions.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The materials for the research were a model hydrocarbon system similar in composition to natural gas condensate and a system consisting of a mixture of saturated hydrocarbons and various iron-containing minerals enriched in 57Fe. Two types of high-pressure equipment were used: a diamond anvils cell and a Toroid-type high-pressure chamber. The experiments were carried out at pressures up to 8.8 GPa in the temperature range 593–1600 K.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. According to the obtained results, hydrocarbon systems submerged in a subduction slab can maintain their stability down to a depth of 50 km. Upon further immersion, during contact of the hydrocarbon fluid with the surrounding iron-bearing minerals, iron hydrides and carbides are formed. When iron carbides react with water under the thermobaric conditions of the asthenosphere, a water-hydrocarbon fluid is formed. Geological observations, such as methane finds in olivines from ultramafic rocks unaffected by serpentinization, the presence of polycyclic aromatic and heavy saturated hydrocarbons in ophiolite allochthons and ultramafic rocks squeezed out from the paleo-subduction zone of the Urals, are in good agreement with the experimental data.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The obtained experimental results and presented geological observations made it possible to propose a concept of deep hydrocarbon cycle. Upon the contact of hydrocarbon systems immersed in a subduction slab with iron-bearing minerals, iron hydrides and carbides are formed. Iron carbides carried in the asthenosphere by convective flows can react with hydrogen contained in the hydroxyl group of some minerals or with water present in the asthenosphere and form a water-hydrocarbon fluid. The mantle fluid can migrate along deep faults into the Earth’s crust and form multilayer oil and gas deposits in rocks of any lithological composition, genesis and age. In addition to iron carbide coming from the subduction slab, the asthenosphere contains other carbon donors. These donors can serve as a source of deep hydrocarbons, also participating in the deep hydrocarbon cycle, being an additional recharge of the total upward flow of a water-hydrocarbon fluid. The described deep hydrocarbon cycle appears to be part of a more general deep carbon cycle.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>глубинный углеводородный цикл</kwd><kwd>углеводороды</kwd><kwd>слэб</kwd><kwd>карбиды железа</kwd><kwd>экстремальные термобарические условия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>deep hydrocarbon cycle</kwd><kwd>hydrocarbons</kwd><kwd>slab</kwd><kwd>iron carbides</kwd><kwd>extreme P-T conditions</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Варфоломеев С., Карпов Г., Синал Г.А., Ломакин С., Николаев Е. (2011) Самая молодая нефть Земли. Докл. АН, 438(3), 345-347.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ague J.J. (2014) Deep carbon: Subduction goes organic, Nat. 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