<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">litosphere</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Литосфера</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>LITHOSPHERE (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1681-9004</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-302X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>A.N. Zavaritsky Institute of Geology and Geochemistry</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24930/1681-9004-2021-21-2-239-255</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">litosphere-1424</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Самородное золото кор выветривания Нижнеселемджинского золотоносного узла (Приамурье)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Native gold in the weathering crust of the Nizhneselemdzhinsky gold-bearing node (Amur region)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>675000, Благовещенск, пер. Релочный, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Inna V. Kuznetsova</p><p>1 Relochny Lane, Blagoveshchensk 675000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kuzia67@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сафронов</surname><given-names>П. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Safronov</surname><given-names>P. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>690022, Владивосток, просп. 100-летия Владивостока, 159</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Petr P. Safronov</p><p>159 100-letiya Vladivostoka av., Vladivostok 690022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">psafronov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт геологии и природопользования, ДВО РАН (ИГиП ДВО РАН)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Geology and Nature Management (IGNM FEB RAS)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Дальневосточный геологический институт, ДВО РАН (ДВГИ ДВО РАН)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Far East Geological Institute (FEGI FEB RAS)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>04</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>239</fpage><lpage>255</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кузнецова И.В., Сафронов П.П., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кузнецова И.В., Сафронов П.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kuznetsova I.V., Safronov P.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.lithosphere.ru/jour/article/view/1424">https://www.lithosphere.ru/jour/article/view/1424</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Объект исследований</title><p>Объект исследований. Коры выветривания протерозойских сланцев в бассейне р. Некля и палеозойских гранитов Нижнеселемджинского золотоносного узлав (НЗУ) в бассейне р. Татарка.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Атомно-абсорбционный (AAA), рентгенофлуоресцентный (РФА) и минералогический анализ пород и минералов. Изучение элементного состава, морфологических и микроструктурных особенностей минералов методом аналитической растровой электронной микроскопии.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Определены особенности самородного золота из коры выветривания НЗУ. Установлено, что в корах выветривания одновременно присутствует гипогенное, частично измененное в процессе гипергенеза, и новообразованное золото. Значительная часть благородного металла имеет высокую пробу (1000%о). Нередко встречается золото в виде сложных срастаний из зерен разной морфологии и состава. Специфической особенностью золота коры выветривания является то, что оно представляет собой тесные взаимопрорастания благородного металла и породной матрицы варьирующего минерального состава. Выявлены золотоносные углеродистые образования в виде пленок и наростов на золотинах, определено присутствие углерода в породных составляющих, ассоциирующих с благородным металлом. В корах установлено участие углерода в физикохимических процессах, в результате которых происходят высвобождение Au, закапсюлированного в минералах- концентраторах, и его переотложение на геохимических барьерах. Наночастицы золота на протяжении продолжительного времени могут являться активными центрами роста во вмещающих породах. Они срастаются друг с другом сначала в виде нанообразований, затем микроформ и т. д. В коре выветривания месторождений золота происходят как преобразование гипогенного благородного металла, так и образование его новых форм.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Работы способствуют наращиванию минерально-сырьевой базы золота в Амурской области, в том числе за счет нетрадиционных источников, к которым относятся коры выветривания НЗУ Приамурья.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Research subject</title><p>Research subject. The weathering crust of Proterozoic slates in the Neklya River basin and Paleozoic granites in the Nizh- neselemdzhinsky gold-bearing node (NGBN) in the Tatarka River basin.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. The research was carried out using the methods of atomic absorption, X-ray fluorescent and mineralogical analysis of rocks and minerals. The method of raster electron microscopy was used to study the element structure, morphological and microstructural features of minerals.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Specific features of native gold from the weathering crust of NGBK were defined. It was established that the NGBN weathering crust contains both hypogene gold, partially changed in the course of hypergenesis, and neogenic gold. A considerable share of gold is of high purity (1000%o). Occasionally, gold in the form of complex accretions from grains of different morphology and structure is present. A specific feature of weathering crust gold is its interpenetrations within the rock matrix of a varying mineral structure. Gold-bearing carbonaceous structures in the form of films and outgrowths on gold grains were revealed; the presence of carbon in rock components associating with the noble metal was defined. In the crust, the participation of carbon in physicochemical processes was established, as a result of which the release of Au, encapsulated in minerals-concentrators, and its redeposition on geochemical barriers occur. Gold nanoparticles can be long-acting growth centres in the host rocks, first coalescing with each other to yield nanoformations, then microforms, etc. In the weathering crust of gold deposits, both the transformation of the hypogenic noble metal and the formation of its new forms occur.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. This work contributes to the expansion of the mineral resource base of gold in the Amur Region, including through such unconventional sources as the NGBN weathering crust.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>самородное золото</kwd><kwd>зона гипергенеза</kwd><kwd>кора выветривания</kwd><kwd>наноминералы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>native gold</kwd><kwd>hypergenesis zone</kwd><kwd>weathering crust</kwd><kwd>nanominerals</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Альбов М.Н. (1980) Вторичная зональность золоторудных месторождений Урала. М.: Геоиздат, 68 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Al'bov M.N. (1980) Secondary zonality of gold fields of the Urals. Moscow, Geoizdat Publ., 68 р. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Анерт Э.Э. (1928) Богатства недр Дальнего Востока. Хабаровск; Владивосток: Книжное дело, 932 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anand R., Lintern M., Hough R., Noble R., Verrall M., Salama W., Balkau J., Radford N. (2017) The dynamics of gold in regolith change with differing environ mental conditions over time. Geology, 45(2), 127-130.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Васильев И.А., Капанин В.П., Ковтонюк Г.П., Мельников В.Д., Лужнов В.Л., Данилов А.П., Сорокин А.П. (2000) Минерально-сырьевая база Амурской области на рубеже веков. Благовещенск: КПР Амур. обл., 168 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anand R., Salama W. (2019) Gold dispersion in transported cover sequences especially in chemical (palaeoredox front) and physical (unconformity) interfaces linked to the landscape history of Western Australia. Explor. Newslett. Assoc. Appl. Geochem., 183, 1-40.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вьюнов Д.Л., Савенко Л.В., Мавринская С.А., Артеменко А.О. (2005) Отчет по литохимической съемке масштаба 1 : 200 000 по потокам рассеяния в бассейне нижнего течения р. Селемджа на площади листов N-52-XXXIII, -XXXIV, -XXXV за 2001-2005 гг. (Бурундинский объект). Благовещенск: ФГУГП “Амургеология“, 163 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anert E.E. (1928) Wealth of the bowels of the Far East. Khabarovsk; Vladivostok, Book Business Publ., 932 p. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гинзбург И.И. (1963) Типы древних кор выветривания, формы их проявления и классификация. Кора выветривания, (6). М.: Изд-во АН СССР, 71-101.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Craw D. (2017) Placer gold and associated supergene mineralogy at Macraes flat, east Otago, New Zealand. New Zealand J. Geol. Geophys., 60(4), 353-367. DOI: 10.1080/00288306.2017.1337644.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зубков В.Ф. (1980) Государственная геологическая карта СССР масштаба 1 : 200 000. Л. N-52-XXXIV. Объ-яснительная записка. М.: Мингео СССР, 89 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Craw D., Kerr G. (2017) Geochemistry and mineralogy of contrasting supergene gold alteration zones, southern New Zealand. Appl. Geochem., 85(A), 19-34.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Калинин Ю.А., Ковалев К.Р., Наумов Е.А., Кириллов М.В. (2009) Золото коры выветривания Суздальского месторождения (Казахстан). Геология и геофизика, 50(3), 241-257.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dunn S., Von der Heyden B., Rozendaal A., Taljaard R. (2019) Secondary gold mineralization in the Amani Pla-cer Gold Deposit, Tanzania. Ore Geol. Rev., 107, 87-107. DOI: 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2019.02.011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Красный Л.И., Пэн Юньбао (1998) Геологическая карта Приамурья и сопредельных территорий. Масштаб: 1 : 2 500 000. Объяснительная записка. СПб.: ВСЕГЕИ, 135 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ginsburg I.I. (1963) Types of ancient weathering crusts, the forms of their manifestation and classification. Kora vyvetrivaniya, (6). Moscow, USSR Academy of Sci., 71-101. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кузнецова И.В. (2011) Геология, тонкодисперсное и наноразмерное золото в минералах россыпей Нижнеселемджинского узла (Приамурье). Автореф. дис. ... канд. геол.-мин. наук. Красноярск: СФУ, 21 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hough R.M., Noble R.R.P., Reich M. (2012) Natural gold nanoparticles. Ore Geol. Rev., 42, 55-61.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кузнецова И.В. (2014) Проблемы выделения наноразмерного золота при россыпной золотодобыче (на</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kalinin Yu.A., Kovalev K.R., Naumov E.A., Kirillov M.V. (2009) Gold of the weathering bark of the Suzdal deposit (Kazakhstan). Geol. Geofiz., 50(3), 241-257. (In Rus-sian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">примере Приамурья). Руды и металлы, 4, 52-57.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kerr G., Falconer D., Reith F., Craw D. (2017) Transport- related mylonitic ductile deformation and shape change of alluvial gold, southern New Zealand. Sediment. Geol., 361, 52-63.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кузнецова И.В., Сафронов П.П., Моисеенко Н.В. (2019) Вещественно-минеральная характеристика техногенных россыпей - потенциальных источников благородного металла (на примере Нижнеселемджинского золотоносного узла, Россия). Георесурсы, 21(1), 2-14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khazov A.F., Silaev V.I., Phillipov V.N. (2010) Autigenic mineralization in river placers as a natural scientific phenomenon. Izv. Komi NTs UrO RAN, 2, 54-60. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Маракушев С.А., Ковалевская А.Н., Сафронов П.П., Бородавкина О.Н., Моисеенко В.Г. (1989) Бактериальная перекристаллизация золота. Докл. АН СССР, 308(2), 482-485.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krasnyi L.I., Pen Yunbao (1998) Geological map of the Amur Region and neighboring territories. Scale: 1 : 2 500 000. Explanation note. St.Petersburg, VSEGEI Publ., 135 p. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мельников В.Д., Мельников А.В., Ковтонюк Г.П. (2006б) Россыпи золота Амурской области. Благовещенск: АмГУ, 296 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuznetsova I.V. (2011) Geology, fine and nanoscale gold in the minerals of the placers of the Lower Selemdzhinsky knot (Amur region). Cand. geol. and min. sci. diss. Krasnoyarsk, SFU, 21 p. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мельников А.В., Мельников В.Д., Шестаков Б.И. (2006а) Золотоносность кор выветривания Амурской области. Благовещенск: АмГУ, 116 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuznetsova I.V. (2014) Problems of nano-sized gold extraction during placer gold mining (using the example of the Amur Region). Rudy i Metally, 4, 52-57. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Моисеенко В.Г. (1965) Метаморфизм золота месторождений Приамурья. Хабаровск: Хабаровск. кн. изд-во, 127 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuznetsova I.V., Safronov P.P., Moiseenko N.V. (2019) Matter-mineral characteristics of technogene placers - potential sources of precious metal (on the example of the Nizneselemdzhinsky gold-bearing node of Priammurye, Russia). Georesursy, 21(1), 2-14. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Моисеенко В.Г. (1997) Особенности формирования полигенных россыпей золота и методы их оценки. Благовещенск: АмурКНИИ ДВО РАН, 103 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lalomov A.V., Chefranov R.M., Naumov V.A., Naumova O.B., Lebarge W., Dilly R.A. (2016) Typomorphic features of placer gold of Vagran cluster (the Northern Urals) and search indicators for primary bedrock gold deposits. Ore Geol. Rev., 85, 321-335.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Моисеенко В.Г. (2007) От атомов золота через кластеры, нанои микроскопические частицы до самородков благородного металла. Благовещенск: ДВО РАН, Амурское отделение РМО, 187 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marakushev S.A., Kovalevskaya A.N., Safronov P.P., Borodavkina O.N., Moiseenko V.G. (1989) Bacterial recrystallization of gold. Dokl. AN SSSR, 308(2), 482-485. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Моисеенко В.Г., Кузнецова И.В. (2014) Нанозолото в древних известняках и доломитах Октябрьского рудного поля (Приамурье). Докл. АН, 456(4), 468-471.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McLachlan C., Negrini M., Craw D. (2018) Gold and associ-ated minerals in the Waikaia placer gold mine, Northern Southland, New Zealand. New Zealand J. Geol. Geophys., 61(2), 1-16. DOI: 10.1080/00288306.2018.1454482.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Моисеенко В.Г., Маракушев С.А. (1987) Бактериальное концентрирование, укрупнение и “облагораживание” золота в зоне окисления золоторудных месторождений и россыпях. Благовещенск: ИГиП ДВО РАН, 45 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Melchiorre E.B., Orwin P.M., Reith F., Rea M.A.D., Yahn J., Allison R. (2018) Biological and Geochemical Development of Placer Gold Deposits at Rich Hill, Arizona,</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Наумов Е.А., Борисенко А.С., Гущина Л.В. (2011) Ртутистое золото: критерий поиска коренных источников разных типов золотого орудинения и условия его образования (Электронный ресурс). URL: http://www.minsoc.ru/FilesBase/E2-2011-1-0.pdf (дата обращения: 27.02.2021)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">USA. Minerals, 8(56), 1-20.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Некрасов И.Я. (1991) Геохимия, минералогия и генезис золоторудных месторождений. М.: Наука, 302 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Melnikov A.V., Melnikov V.D., Shestakov B.I. (2006) Gol-den bearing of the weathering crust of the Amur Region. Blagoveshchensk, Amur State University Publ., 116 p. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Неронский Г.И. (1998) Типоморфизм золота месторождений Приамурья. Благовещенск: АмурКНИИ ДВО РАН, 320 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Melnikov V.D., Melnikov A.V., Kovtonyuk G.P. (2006) Gold placers of the Amur Region. Blagoveshchensk, Amur State University Publ., 296 p. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Неронский Г.И., Добрая В.Т. (1975) Особенности состава золота из россыпей Нижнеселемджинского района. Амурский краевед. Благовещенск: Амурское отд. Хабаровского книжн. изд-ва, 86-100.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moiseenko V.G. (1965) Metamorphism of gold deposits of the Amur region. Khabarovsk, Khabarovsk Publishing House, 127 p. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Неронский Г.И., Добрая В.Т. (1976) Пробность золота и характер ее изменения в некоторых золотоносных районах Приамурья. Генетические типы и закономерности размещения месторождений золота Дальнего Востока. Новосибирск: Наука, 45-58.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moiseenko V.G. (1997) Features of the formation of polygenic gold placers and methods for their assessment. Blagoveshchensk, AmurKNII DVO RAS, 103 p. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Неронский Г.И., Сафронов П.П. Бородавкин С.И., Обу-хов П.В., Попов А.Б. (1988) “Новое” золото в россыпях Приамурья. Глубинное строение Тихого океана и его континентального обрамления. Благовещенск: АмурКНИИ, 55-56.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moiseenko V.G. (2007) From gold atoms through clusters, nano- and microscopic particles to nuggets of noble me-tal. Blagoveshchensk, DVO RAS, Amur branch of the RMO, 187 p. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Орлова Н.И. (1995) Карта кор выветривания Амурской области масштаба 1 : 500 000. Объяснительная записка. М.: ВИМС, 329 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moiseenko V.G., Kuznetsova I.V. (2014) Nanozoloto in the ancient limestone and dolomites of the October ore field (Amur region). Dokl. AN, 456(4), 468-471. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Орлова Н.И., Воропаева Н.П. (1998) Методические рекомендации по изучению кор выветривания при проведении ГРР. М.: ВИМС, 114 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moiseenko V.G., Marakushev S.A. (1987) Bacterial concentration enlargement and “ennobling” of gold in the oxidation zone of gold ore deposits and placers). Blagoveshchensk, IGiP DVO RAS, 45 p. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Петровская Н.В. (1941) Морфология и структура “ново-го” золота. Докл. АН СССР, 32(6), 424-426.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moufti A.M.B. (2014) Opaque mineralogy and resource potential of placer gold in the stream sediments between Duba and Al Wajh, Red Sea coast, northwestern Saudi Arabia. Afr. Earth Sci., 99(1), 188-201.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Петровская Н.В., Яблокова С.В. (1974) Золото в корах выветривания. Рудоносные коры выветривания. М.: Наука, 173-182.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Naumov E.A., Borisenko A.S., Gushchina L.V. (2011) Mer-curial gold: the criterion for finding the root sources of different types of gold mineralization and the conditions for its formation. (In Russian) URL: http://www.minsoc.ru/FilesBase/E2-2011-1-0.pdf (case date: 27.02.2021)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Росляков Н.А. (1981) Геохимия золота в зоне гипергенеза. Новосибирск: Наука, 228 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nekrasov I.Ya. (1991) Geochemistry, mineralogy and gene-sis of gold ore deposits. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 302 p. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сафронов П.П., Моисеенко Н.В., Моисеенко В.Г. (2011) Наноразмерное самородное золото в минералах месторождения Пионер (Приамурье) по данным электронно-микроскопических исследований. Матлы XVII Рос. симп. по растровой электронной микроскопии и аналитическим методам исследования твердых тел (РЭМ-2011). Черноголовка: ФНИЦ “Кристаллография и фотоника” РАН, 206.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Neronskii G.I. (1998) Tipomorphism of gold deposits of the Amur region. Blagoveshchensk, AmurKNII DVO RAS, 320 p. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Смирнов С.С. (1951) Зона окисления сульфидных место-рождений. М.: АН СССР, 335 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Neronskii G.I., Dobraya V.T. (1975)Features of the composition of gold from placers of the Lower Selemdzhinsky district. Amurskii Kraeved. Blagoveshchensk, Amur Otd. Khabarovsk book. Publ. House, 86-100. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сорокин А.П. (1989) Морфоструктуры и россыпи золота Приамурья. Дис. ... д-ра геол.-мин. наук. Благовещенск: АмурКНИИ, 394 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Neronskii G.I., Dobraya V.T. (1976) Gold quality and the nature of its change in some gold-bearing areas of the Amur region. Genetic types and patterns of placement of gold deposits in the Far East. Novosibirsk, Nauka Publ., 45-58. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сорокин А.П., Глотов В.Д. (1997) Золотоносные структурно-вещественные ассоциации Дальнего Востока. Владивосток: Дальнаука, 304 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Neronskii G.I., Safronov P.P., Borodavkin S.I., Obuhov P.V., Popov A.B. (1988) “New” gold in the placers of the Amur Region. The deep structure of the Pacific Ocean and its continental framing. Blagoveshchensk, AmurKNII, 55-56. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хазов А.Ф., Силаев В.И., Филлипов В.Н. (2010) Аутигенная минерализация в речных россыпях как при-родный научный феномен. Изв. Коми НЦ УрО РАН, 2, 54-60.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Orlova N.I. (1995) Map of weathering of the Amur region on a scale of 1 : 500 000. Moscow, VIMS Publ., 329 p. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Яблокова С.В. (1965) Образование “нового” золота в некоторых россыпях Южной Якутии. Геология россы-пей. М.: Наука, 152-155.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Orlova N.I., Voropaeva N.P. (1998) Methodological recommendations for the study of weathering crusts during geological prospecting. Moscow, VIMS Publ., 114 p. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Янченко О.М., Ворошилов В.Г., Тимкин Т.В., Мартыненко И.В., Зиаии М. (2019) Морфология и состав золота кор выветривания Томь-Яйского междуречья. Изв. Томск. политехнического ун-та. Инжиниринг георесурсов, 330 (3), 84-92.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Petrovskaya N.V. (1941) Morphology and structure of the “new” gold. Dokl. AN SSSR, 32(6), 424-426. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anand R., Lintern M., Hough R., Noble R., Verrall M., Sa-lama W., Balkau J., Radford N. (2017) The dynamics of gold in regolith change with differing environ mental conditions over time. Geology, 45(2), 127-130.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Petrovskaya N.V., Yablokova S.V. (1974) Gold in weathering crusts. Rudonosnye Kory Vyvetrivaniya. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 173-182. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anand R., Salama W. (2019) Gold dispersion in transported cover sequences especially in chemical (palaeoredox front) and physical (unconformity) interfaces linked to the landscape history of Western Australia. Explor. Newslett. Assoc. Appl. Geochem., 183, 1-40.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rea M.A., Zammit C.M., Reith F. (2016) Bacterial biofilms on gold grains-implications for geomicrobial transformations of gold. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol., 92(6), 1-12.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Craw D. (2017) Placer gold and associated supergene mineralogy at Macraes flat, east Otago, New Zealand. New Zealand J. Geol. Geophys., 60(4), 353-367. DOI: 10.1080/00288306.2017.1337644.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reith F., Fairbrother L., Nolze G., Wilhelm O., Clode P.L., Gregg A. Parsons J.E., Wakelin S.A., Pring A., Hough R., Southam G., Brugger J. (2010) Nanoparticle factories: Biofilms hold the key to gold dispersion and nugget formation. Geology, 38, 843-846.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Craw D., Kerr G. (2017) Geochemistry and mineralogy of contrasting supergene gold alteration zones, southern New Zealand. Appl. Geochem., 85(A), 19-34.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roslyakov N.A. (1981) Gold geochemistry in the hypergenesis zone. Novosiborsk, Nauka Publ., 228 p. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dunn S., Von der Heyden B., Rozendaal A., Taljaard R. (2019) Secondary gold mineralization in the Amani Pla-cer Gold Deposit, Tanzania. Ore Geol. Rev., 107, 87-107. DOI: 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2019.02.011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Safronov P.P., Moiseenko N.V., Moiseenko V.G. (2011) Nanoscale native gold in the minerals of the Pioneer deposit (Amur Region) according to electron microscopic studies. Chernogolovka, FNITs “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, 206 p. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hough R.M., Noble R.R.P., Reich M. (2012) Natural gold nanoparticles. Ore Geol. Rev., 42, 55-61.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shuster J., Lengke M., Marquez-Zavalia M., Southam G. (2016) Floating Gold Grains and Nanophase Particles Produced from the Biogeochemical Weathering of a Gold-Bearing Ore. Econ. Geol., 111 (6), 1485-1494. DOI: 10.2113/econgeo.111.6.1485.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kerr G., Falconer D., Reith F., Craw D. (2017) Transport-related mylonitic ductile deformation and shape change of alluvial gold, southern New Zealand. Sediment. Geol., 361, 52-63.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shuster J., Reith F., John G.C., John E.P., Southam M.P.G. (2017) Secondary gold structures: Relics of past biogeo-chemical transformations and implications for colloidal gold dispersion in subtropical environments. Chem. Geol., 450(5), 154-164.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lalomov A.V., Chefranov R.M., Naumov V.A., Naumova O.B., Lebarge W., Dilly R.A. (2016) Typomorphic features of placer gold of Vagran cluster (the Northern Urals) and search indicators for primary bedrock gold deposits. Ore Geol. Rev., 85, 321-335.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shuster J., Southam G. (2015) The in-vitro growth of gold grains. Geology, 43, 79-82.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McLachlan C., Negrini M., Craw D. (2018) Gold and associated minerals in the Waikaia placer gold mine, Northern Southland, New Zealand. New Zealand J. Geol. Geophys., 61(2), 1-16. DOI: 10.1080/00288306.2018.1454482.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smirnov S.S. (1951) Oxidation zone of sulfide deposits. Moscow, Publishing House of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 335 p. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Melchiorre E.B., Orwin P.M., Reith F., Rea M.A.D., Yahn J., Allison R. (2018) Biological and Geochemical Deve-lopment of Placer Gold Deposits at Rich Hill, Arizona, USA. Minerals, 8(56), 1-20.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sorokin A.P. (1989) Morphostructures and placers of gold of the Amur Region. Doc. geol. and min. sci. diss. Bla-goveshchensk, AmurBooks Publ., 394 p. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moufti A.M.B. (2014) Opaque mineralogy and resource po-tential of placer gold in the stream sediments between Duba and Al Wajh, Red Sea coast, northwestern Saudi Arabia. Afr. Earth Sci., 99(1), 188-201.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sorokin A.P., Glotov V.D. (1997) Gold-bearing structural- real associations of the Far East. Vladivostok, Dal'nauka Publ., 304 p. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rea M.A., Zammit C.M., Reith F. (2016) Bacterial biofilms on gold grains-implications for geomicrobial transformations of gold. FEMS Microbiol. Ecology, 92(6), 1-12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Southam G., Lengke M.F., Fairbrother L., Reith F. (2009) The biogeochemistry of gold. Elements, 5, 303-307.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reith F., Fairbrother L., Nolze G., Wilhelm O., Clode P.L., Gregg A. Parsons J.E., Wakelin S.A., Pring A., Hough R., Southam G., Brugger J. (2010) Nanoparticle factories: Biofilms hold the key to gold dispersion and nugget formation. Geology, 38, 843-846.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stewart J., Kerr G., Prior D., Craw D. (2017) Low temperature recrystallisation of alluvial gold in paleoplacer deposits. Ore Geol. Rev., 88, 173. DOI: 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2017.04.020</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shuster J., Lengke M., Marquez-Zavalia M., Southam G. (2016) Floating Gold Grains and Nanophase Particles Produced from the Biogeochemical Weathering of a Gold-Bearing Ore. Econ. Geol., 111(6), 1485-1494. DOI: 10.2113/econgeo.111.6.1485.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasil'ev I.A., Kapanin V.P., Kovtonyuk G.P., Mel'nikov V.D., Luzhnov V.L., Danilov A.P., Sorokin A.P. (2000) Mineral raw materials base of the Amur Region at the turn of the centuries. Blagoveshchensk, KPR Amur. region. Publ., 168 p. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shuster J., Reith F., John G.C., John E.P., Southam M.P.G. (2017) Secondary gold structures: Relics of past biogeochemical transformations and implications for colloidal gold dispersion in subtropical environments. Chem. Geol., 450(5), 154-164.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vishitia A., Suha C.E., Lehmannc B., Egbe J.A., Shemang E.M. (2015) Gold grade variation and particle mi-crochemistry in exploration pits of the Batouri gold district, SE Cameroon. Afr. Earth Sci., 111, 1-13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shuster J., Southam G. (2015) The in-vitro growth of gold grains. Geol., 43, 79-82.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">V'yunov D.L., Savenko L.V., Mavrinskaya S.A., Artemenko A.O. Report on lithochemical study of Selemdzha River basin in 2001-2005. Blagoveshchensk, FGUGP “Amurgeologiya“, 2005. 163 p. (In Russian, unpublished).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Southam G., Lengke M.F., Fairbrother L., Reith F. (2009) The biogeochemistry of gold. Elements, 5, 303-307.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xianhai Li, Zhang Qin, Jun Xie, Zhihui Shen (2018) (Au(CN)2) - Adsorption on a Graphite (0001) sUrface: A First Principles Study. Minerals, 8(10), 425. DOI: 10.3390/min8100425.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stewart J., Kerr G., Prior D., Craw D. (2017) Low temperature recrystallisation of alluvial gold in paleoplacer deposits. Ore Geol. Rev., 88, 173. DOI: 10.1016/j.oregeo-rev.2017.04.020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yablokova S.V. (1965) The formation of a “new” gold in some placers of Southern Yakutia. Geologiya Rossypei. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 152-155. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vishitia A., Suha C.E., Lehmannc B., Egbe J.A., Shemang E.M. (2015) Gold grade variation and particle microchemistry in exploration pits of the Batouri gold district, SE Cameroon. Afr. Earth Sci., 111, 1-13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yanchenko O.M., Voroshilov V.G., Timkin T.V., Martynenko I.V., Ziaii M. (2019) Morfology and composition of veathered burks gold. Izv. Tomsk. Politekhnich. Univ. In- zhiniring georesursov, 330(3), 84-92. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xianhai Li, Zhang Qin, Jun Xie, Zhihui Shen (2018) (Au(CN)2) - Adsorption on a Graphite (0001) sUrface: A First Principles Study. Minerals, 8(10), 425. DOI: 10.3390/min8100425.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zubkov V.F. (1980) State geological map of the USSR scale 1 : 200 000, sheet N-52-XXXIV). Explanation note. Moscow, Mingeo USSR Publ., 89 p. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
